1. Boorsma EM, Ter Maaten JM, Damman K, Dinh W, Gustafsson F, Goldsmith S et al. Congestion in heart failure: a contemporary look at physiology, diagnosis and treatment. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2020;17(10):641–55. DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-0379-7
2. Girerd N, Seronde M-F, Coiro S, Chouihed T, Bilbault P, Braun F et al. Integrative Assessment of Congestion in Heart Failure Throughout the Patient Journey. JACC: Heart Failure. 2018;6(4):273–85. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.09.023
3. Mullens W, Damman K, Harjola V-P, Mebazaa A, Brunner-La Rocca H-P, Martens P et al. The use of diuretics in heart failure with congestion - a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2019;21(2):137–55. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1369
4. Ronco C, Haapio M, House AA, Anavekar N, Bellomo R. Cardiorenal Syndrome. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2008;52(19):1527–39. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.07.051
5. Damman K, Kalra PR, Hillege H. Pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to renal dysfunction in chronic heart failure. Journal of Renal Care. 2010;36(s1):18–26. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-6686.2010.00172.x
6. Kitai T, Tang WHW. Intrarenal Venous Flow: A Distinct Cardiorenal Phenotype or Simply a Marker of Venous Congestion? Journal of Cardiac Failure. 2021;27(1):35–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.12.001
7. Tang WHW, Kitai T. Intrarenal Venous Flow: A Window Into the Congestive Kidney Failure Phenotype of Heart Failure? JACC: Heart Failure. 2016;4(8):683–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2016.05.009
8. De La Espriella-Juan R, Núñez E, Miñana G, Sanchis J, Bayés-Genís A, González J et al. Intrarenal venous flow in cardiorenal syndrome: a shining light into the darkness. ESC Heart Failure. 2018;5(6):1173–5. DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12362
9. Nijst P, Martens P, Dupont M, Tang WHW, Mullens W. Intrarenal Flow Alterations During Transition From Euvolemia to Intravascular Volume Expansion in Heart Failure Patients. JACC: Heart Failure. 2017;5(9):672–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.05.006
10. Ter Maaten JM, Dauw J, Martens P, Somers F, Damman K, Metalidis C et al. The Effect of Decongestion on Intrarenal Venous Flow Patterns in Patients With Acute Heart Failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 2021;27(1):29–34. DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.09.003
11. Iida N, Seo Y, Sai S, Machino-Ohtsuka T, Yamamoto M, Ishizu T et al. Clinical Implications of Intrarenal Hemodynamic Evaluation by Doppler Ultrasonography in Heart Failure. JACC: Heart Failure. 2016;4(8):674–82. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2016.03.016
12. Puzzovivo A, Monitillo F, Guida P, Leone M, Rizzo C, Grande D et al. Renal Venous Pattern: A New Parameter for Predicting Prognosis in Heart Failure Outpatients. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2018;5(4):52. DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5040052
13. Yamamoto M, Seo Y, Iida N, Ishizu T, Yamada Y, Nakatsukasa T et al. Prognostic Impact of Changes in Intrarenal Venous Flow Pattern in Patients With Heart Failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 2021;27(1):20–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.06.016
14. Кобалава Ж.Д., Сафарова А.Ф., Асланова Р.Ш., Вацик-Городецкая М.В. Почечная венозная допплерография – новый параметр для прогнозирования исходов у пациентов с декомпенсацией хронической сердечной недостаточности. Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2023;22(2):53-60. DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2023-2-53-60
15. Beaubien-Souligny W, Benkreira A, Robillard P, Bouabdallaoui N, Chassé M, Desjardins G et al. Alterations in Portal Vein Flow and Intrarenal Venous Flow Are Associated With Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2018;7(19):e009961. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.118.009961
16. Husain-Syed F, Birk H, Ronco C, Schörmann T, Tello K, Richter MJ et al. Doppler-Derived Renal Venous Stasis Index in the Prognosis of Right Heart Failure. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2019;8(21):e013584. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.119.013584
17. McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. European Heart Journal. 2021;42(36):3599–726. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368
18. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Chaitman BR, Bax JJ, Morrow DA et al. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). European Heart Journal. 2019;40(3):237–69. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy462
19. Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M et al. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):801–10. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.0287
20. Soliman-Aboumarie H, Denault AY. How to assess systemic venous congestion with point of care ultrasound. European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging. 2023;24(2):177–80. DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeac239
21. Argaiz ER, Rola P, Haycock KH, Verbrugge FH. Fluid management in acute kidney injury: from evaluating fluid responsiveness towards assessment of fluid tolerance. European Heart Journal. Acute Cardiovascular Care. 2022;11(10):786–93. DOI: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuac104
22. Galindo P, Gasca C, Argaiz ER, Koratala A. Point of care venous Doppler ultrasound: Exploring the missing piece of bedside hemodynamic assessment. World Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 2021;10(6):310–22. DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v10.i6.310
23. Burnett JC, Knox FG. Renal interstitial pressure and sodium excretion during renal vein constriction. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 1980;238(4):F279–82. DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.1980.238.4.F279
24. Howitt SH, Oakley J, Caiado C, Goldstein M, Malagon I, McCollum C et al. A Novel Patient-Specific Model for Predicting Severe Oliguria; Development and Comparison With Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Acute Kidney Injury Classification. Critical Care Medicine. 2020;48(1):e18–25. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004074
25. Kellum JA, Lameire N, for the KDIGO AKI Guideline Work Group. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of acute kidney injury: a KDIGO summary (Part 1). Critical Care. 2013;17(1):204. DOI: 10.1186/cc11454
26. Vaduganathan M, Kumar V, Voors AA, Butler J. Unsolved challenges in diuretic therapy for acute heart failure: a focus on diuretic response. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. 2015;13(10):1075–8. DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1087313
27. Ambrosy AP, Pang PS, Khan S, Konstam MA, Fonarow GC, Traver B et al. Clinical course and predictive value of congestion during hospitalization in patients admitted for worsening signs and symptoms of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: findings from the EVEREST trial. European Heart Journal. 2013;34(11):835–43. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs444
28. Mullens W, Abrahams Z, Francis GS, Sokos G, Taylor DO, Starling RC et al. Importance of Venous Congestion for Worsening of Renal Function in Advanced Decompensated Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2009;53(7):589–96. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.05.068
29. Jeong SH, Jung DC, Kim SH, Kim SH. Renal venous doppler ultrasonography in normal subjects and patients with diabetic nephropathy: Value of venous impedance index measurements. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound. 2011;39(9):512–8. DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20835
30. Mullens W, Nijst P. Cardiac Output and Renal Dysfunction: definitely more than impaired flow. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2016;67(19):2209–12. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.537
31. Metra M, Davison B, Bettari L, Sun H, Edwards C, Lazzarini V et al. Is Worsening Renal Function an Ominous Prognostic Sign in Patients With Acute Heart Failure?: The Role of Congestion and Its Interaction With Renal Function. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2012;5(1):54–62. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.963413
32. Maggioni AP, Dahlström U, Filippatos G, Chioncel O, Crespo Leiro M, Drozdz J et al. EURObservational Research Programme: regional differences and 1-year follow-up results of the Heart Failure Pilot Survey (ESC-HF Pilot). European Journal of Heart Failure. 2013;15(7):808–17. DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hft050
33. Yoshihisa A, Watanabe K, Sato Y, Ishibashi S, Matsuda M, Yamadera Y et al. Intrarenal Doppler ultrasonography reflects hemodynamics and predicts prognosis in patients with heart failure. Scientific Reports. 2020;10(1):22257. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79351-6
34. Verbrugge FH, Dupont M, Steels P, Grieten L, Swennen Q, Tang WHW et al. The kidney in congestive heart failure: ‘are natriuresis, sodium, and diuretics really the good, the bad and the ugly?’ European Journal of Heart Failure. 2014;16(2):133–42. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.35
35. Testani JM, Hanberg JS, Cheng S, Rao V, Onyebeke C, Laur O et al. Rapid and Highly Accurate Prediction of Poor Loop Diuretic Natriuretic Response in Patients With Heart Failure. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2016;9(1):e002370. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002370
36. Biegus J, Zymliński R, Sokolski M, Todd J, Cotter G, Metra M et al. Serial assessment of spot urine sodium predicts effectiveness of decongestion and outcome in patients with acute heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2019;21(5):624–33. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1428