1. Heinzer R, Vat S, Marques-Vidal P, Marti-Soler H, Andries D, Tobback Net al. Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in the general population: the HypnoLaus study. Lancet Respir Med. 2015;3(4):310–8. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00043-0
2. Javaheri S, Drager LF, Lorenzi-Filho G. Sleep and cardiovascular disease: present and future. In: Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC, editors. Principles and Practices of Sleep Medicine. 6th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2017;1222–8.
3. Nieto FJ, Young TB, Lind BK, Shahar E, Samet JM, Redline S et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. Sleep Heart Health Study. J Am Med Assoc. 2000;283(14):1829–36.
4. Beninati W, Harris CD, Herold DL, Shepard JW Jr. The effect of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea on the sleep quality of bed partners. Mayo Clin Proc. 1999;74(10):955–8.
5. Hu FB, Willett WC, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Rimm EB, Speizer FE et al. Snoring and risk of cardiovascular disease in women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35(2):308–13.
6. Robin P. Glossoptosis due to atresia and hypotrophy of the mandible. Am J Dis Child. 1934;48:541–7.
7. Ramar K, Dort LC, Katz SG, Lettieri CJ, Harrod CG, Thomas SMet al. Clinical practice guideline for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring with oral appliance therapy: an update for 2015. J Clin Sleep Med. 2015;11(7):773–827. doi:10.5664/jcsm.4858
8. Ferguson KA, Ono T, Lowe AA, al-Majed S, Love LL, Fleetham JA. A short-term controlled trial of an adjustable oral appliance for the treatment of mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Thorax. 1997;52(4):362–8.
9. Cartwright RD. Predicting response to the tongue retaining device for sleep apnea syndrome. Arch Otolaryngol. 1985;111 (6):385–8.
10. Schmidt-Nowara W, Lowe A, Wiegand L, Cartwright R, Perez-Guerra F, Menn S. Oral appliances for the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea: a review. Sleep. 2006;29(2):244–62.
11. Bonham PE, Currier GF, Orr WC. The effect of a modified functional appliance on obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988;94(5):384–92.
12. Esaki K, Kanegae H, Uchida T, Mizuma H, Sakamoto T, Kameyama T. Treatment of sleep apnea with a new separated type of dental appliance (mandibular advancing positioner). Kurume Med J. 1997;44(4):315–19.
13. Gale DJ, Sawyer RH, Woodcock A, Stone P, Thompson R, O’Brien K. Do oral appliances enlarge the airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea? A prospective computerized tomographic study. Eur J Orthod. 2000;22(2):159–68.
14. Cobo J, Canut JA, Carlos F, Vijande M, Llamas JM. Changes in the upper airway of patients who wear a modified functional appliance to treat obstructive sleep apnea. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1995;10(1):53–7.
15. Ryan CF, Love LL, Peat D, Fleetham JA, Lowe A. Mandibular advancement oral appliance therapy for obstructive sleep apnea: effect on awake calibre of the velopharynx. Thorax. 1999;54 (11):972–7.
16. Yoshida K. Effect of a prosthetic appliance for treatment of sleep apnea syndrome on masticatory and tongue muscle activity. J Prosthet Dent. 1998;79(5):537–44.
17. Tsuiki S, Ono T, Kuroda T. Mandibular advancement modulates respiratory-related genioglossus electromyographic activity. Sleep Breath. 2000;4(2):53–8.
18. Johnston CD, Gleadhill IC, Cinnamond MJ, Gabbey J, Burden DJ. Mandibular advancement appliances and obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Orthod. 2002;24(3):251–62.
19. Cooke ME, Battagel JM. A thermoplastic mandibular advancement device for the management of non-apnoeic snoring: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod. 2006;28(4):327–38.
20. Blanco J, Zamarrón C, Abeleira Pazos MT, Lamela C, Suarez Quintanilla D. Prospective evaluation of an oral appliance in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep Breath. 2005;9(1):20–5. doi:10.1007/s11325-005-0003-4
21. Gauthier L, Laberge L, Beaudry M, Laforte M, Rompré PH, Lavigne GJ. Mandibular advancement appliances remain effective in lowering respiratory disturbance index for 2.5–4.5 years. Sleep Med. 2011;12(9):844–9. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2011.05.004
22. Marklund M, Stenlund H, Franklin KA. Mandibular advancement devices in 630 men and women with obstructive sleep apnea and snoring: tolerability and predictors of treatment success. Chest. 2004;125(4):1270–78.
23. Almeida FR, Lowe AA, Otsuka R, Fastlicht S, Farbood M, Tsuiki S. Long-term sequellae of oral appliance therapy in obstructive sleep apnea patients: Part 2. Study-model analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129(2):205–13. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.04.034
24. Marklund M. Predictors of long-term orthodontic side effects from mandibular advancement devices in patients with snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129(2):214–21. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.10.004
25. Hoekema A, Stegenga B, Wijkstra PJ, van der Hoeven JH, Meinesz AF, de Bont LG. Obstructive sleep apnea therapy. J Dent Res. 2008;87(9):882–7. doi:10.1177/154405910808700917
26. Kryger MH. Management of obstructive sleep apnea. Clin Chest Med. 1992;13(3):481–92.
27. Gotsopoulos H, Chen C, Qian J, Cistulli PA. Oral appliance therapy improves symptoms in obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166 (5):743–8. doi:10.1164/rccm.200203-208OC
28. Aarab G, Lobbezoo F, Hamburger HL, Naeije M. Oral appliance therapy versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Respiration. 2011;81(5):411–9. doi:10.1159/00031959529.
29. Bloch KE, Iseli A, Zhang JN, Xie X, Kaplan V, Stoeckli PWet al. A randomized, controlled crossover trial of two oral appliances for sleep apnea treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162 (1):246–51. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.1.9908112
30. Campbell AJ, Reynolds G, Trengrove H, Neill AM. Mandibular advancement splint titration in obstructive sleep apnoea. Sleep Breath. 2009;13(2):157–62. doi:10.1007/s11325-008-0230-6
31. Deane SA, Cistulli PA, Ng AT, Zeng B, Petocz P, Darendeliler MA. Comparison of mandibular advancement splint and tongue stabilizing device in obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial. Sleep. 2009;32(5):648–53.
32. Gagnadoux F, Fleury B, Vielle B, Pételle B, Meslier N, N’Guyen XLet al. Titrated mandibular advancement versus positive airway pressure for sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J. 2009;34(4):914–20. doi:10.1183/09031936.00148208
33. Hoekema A, Stegenga B, Bakker M, Brouwer WH, de Bont LG, Wijkstra PJet al. Simulated driving in obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea; effects of oral appliances and continuous positive airway pressure. Sleep Breath. 2007;11(3):129–38. doi:10.1007/s11325-006-0093-7
34. Hoekema A, Stel AL, Stegenga B, van der Hoeven JH, Wijkstra PJ, van Driel MFet al. Sexual function and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea: a randomized clinical trial evaluating the effects of oral-appliance and continuous positive airway pressure therapy. J Sex Med. 2007;4(4Pt2):1153–62. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00341.x
35. Mehta A, Qian J, Petocz P, Darendeliler MA, Cistulli PA. A randomized, controlled study of a mandibular advancement splint for obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163 (6):1457–61. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.6.2004213
36. Naismith SL, Winter VR, Hickie IB, Cistulli PA. Effect of oral appliance therapy on neurobehavioral functioning in obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Sleep Med. 2005;1 (4):374–80.
37. Zhou J, Liu YH. A randomised titrated crossover study comparing two oral appliances in the treatment for mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome. J Oral Rehabil. 2012;39(12):914–22. doi:10.1111/joor.12006
38. Chan А, Cistulli PА. Oral appliance treatment of OSA. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2009;15(6):591–596. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e3283319b12
39. Gauthier L, Laberge L, Beaudry M, Laforte M, Rompré PH, Lavigne GJ. Efficacy of two mandibular advancement appliances in the management of snoring and mild-moderate sleep apnea: a cross-over randomized study. Sleep Med. 2009;10(3):329–36. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2008.03.011
40. Barnes M, McEvoy RD, Banks S, Tarquinio N, Murray CG, Vowles N et al. Efficacy of positive airway pressure and oral appliance in mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170(6):656–64. doi:10.1164/rccm.200311-1571OC
41. Phillips CL, Grunstein RR, Darendeliler MA, Mihailidou AS, Srinivasan VK, Yee BJet al. Health outcomes of continuous positive airway pressure versus oral appliance treatment for obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(8):879–87. doi:10.1164/rccm.201212-2223OC
42. Trzepizur W, Gagnadoux F, Abraham P. Microvascular endothelial function in obstructive sleep apnea: impact of continuous positive airway pressure and mandibular advancement. Sleep Med. 2009;10(7):746–52. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122091
43. Fujita S, Conway W, Zorick F, Roth T. Surgical correction of anatomic abnormalities in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1981;89 (6):923–34.
44. Koopman CF Jr, Moran WB. Surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1990;23 (4):787–808.
45. Larsson H, Carlsson-Nordlander B, Svanborg E. Longtime follow-up after UPPP for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Results of sleep apnea recordings and subjective evaluation 6 months and 2 years after surgery. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh). 1991;111(3):582–90.
46. Robertson S, Murray M, Young D, Pilley R, Dempster J. A randomized crossover trial of conservative snoring treatments: mandibular repositioningsplint and nasal CPAP. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;138(3):283–88. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2007.11.004
47. Randerath WJ, Heise M, Hinz R, Ruehle KH. An individually adjustable oral appliance vs continuous positive airway pressure in mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest. 2002;122(2):569–75.
48. Aarab G, Lobbezoo F, Heymans MW, Hamburger HL, Naeije M. Long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of oral appliance therapy in obstructive sleep apnea. Respiration. 2011;82(2):162–8. doi:10.1159/000324580
49. Engleman HM, McDonald JP, Graham D, Lello GE, Kingshott RN, Coleman ELet al. Randomized crossover trial of two treatments for sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome: continuous positive airway pressure and mandibular repositioning splint. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(6):855–9. doi:10.1164/rccm.2109023
50. Ferguson KA, Ono T, Lowe AA, Keenan SP, Fleetham JA. A randomized crossover study of an oral appliance vs nasalcontinuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of mildmoderate obstructive sleep apnea. Chest. 1996;109(5):1269–75.
51. Tan YK, L’Estrange PR, Luo YM, Smith C, Grant HR, Simonds AKet al. Mandibular advancement splints and continuous positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomized cross-over trial. Eur J Orthod. 2002;24(3):239–49.
52. Holley AB, Lettieri CJ, Shah AA. Efficacy of an adjustable oral appliance and comparison with continuous positive airway pressure for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest. 2011;140(6):1511–6. doi:10.1378/chest.10–2851
53. Wadden TA, Foster GD, Letizia KA. Treatment of obesity by moderate and severe caloric restriction: results of clinical research trials. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119(7Pt2):688–93.