1. Linz D, Gawalko M, Betz K, Hendriks JM, Lip GYH, Vinter N et al. Atrial fibrillation: epidemiology, screening and digital health. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. 2024;37:100786. DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100786
2. Dai H, Zhang Q, Much AA, Maor E, Segev A, Beinart R et al. Glo bal, regional, and national prevalence, incidence, mortality, and risk factors for atrial fibrillation, 1990–2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes. 2021;7(6):574–82. DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa061
3. Savarese G, Becher PM, Lund LH, Seferovic P, Rosano GMC, Coats AJS. Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology. Cardiovascular Research. 2023;118(17):3272–87. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac013
4. Bozkurt B, Ahmad T, Alexander K, Baker WL, Bosak K, Breathett K et al. HF STATS 2024: Heart Failure Epidemiology and Outcomes Statistics An Updated 2024 Report from the Heart Failure Society of America. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 2025;31(1):66–116. DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2024.07.001
5. Reddy YNV, Noseworthy P, Borlaug BA, Albert NM. Screening for Unrecognized HFpEF in Atrial Fibrillation and for Unrecognized Atrial Fibrillation in HFpEF. JACC: Heart Failure. 2024;12(6):990–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2024.04.010
6. Habel N, Infeld M, Lustgarten D, Meyer M. Atrial fibrillation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction “twindemic” – Shared root causes and treatment targets. Heart Rhythm. 2025;22(5):1188–96. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.08.064
7. Tsigkas G, Apostolos A, Despotopoulos S, Vasilagkos G, Kallergis E, Leventopoulos G et al. Heart failure and atrial fibrillation: new concepts in pathophysiology, management, and future directions. Heart Failure Reviews. 2022;27(4):1201–10. DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10133-6
8. Ariyaratnam JP, Lau DH, Sanders P, Kalman JM. Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Prognosis, and Management. Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics. 2021;13(1):47–62. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2020.11.004
9. Newman JD, O’Meara E, Böhm M, Savarese G, Kelly PR, Vardeny O et al. Implications of Atrial Fibrillation for Guideline-Directed Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2024;83(9):932–50. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.033
10. Van Gelder IC, Rienstra M, Bunting KV, Casado-Arroyo R, Caso V, Crijns HJGM et al. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). European Heart Journal. 2024;45(36):3314–414. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae176
11. Saljic A, Heijman J, Dobrev D. Emerging Antiarrhythmic Drugs for Atrial Fibrillation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022;23(8):4096. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084096
12. Oraii A, McIntyre WF, Parkash R, Kowalik K, Razeghi G, Benz AP et al. Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Heart Failure With Reduced vs Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Cardiology. 2024;9(6):545–55. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2024.0675
13. William J, Chieng D, Curtin AG, Sugumar H, Ling LH, Segan L et al. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation by pulmonary vein isolation with or without left atrial posterior wall isolation: long-term outcomes of the CAPLA trial. European Heart Journal. 2025;46(2):132–43. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae580
14. Sohns C, Moersdorf M, Marrouche NF, Bergau L, Costard-Jaeckle A, Crijns HJGM et al. Catheter Ablation in Patients With End-Stage Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation: Two-Year Follow-Up of the CASTLE-HTx Trial. Circulation. 2024;150(23):1904–6. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.071517
15. Charitakis E, Dragioti E, Stratinaki M, Korela D, Tzeis S, Almroth H et al. Predictors of recurrence after catheter ablation and electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. EP Europace. 2023;25(1):40–8. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac143
16. Pasqualotto E, Ternes CMP, Chavez MP, Polanczyk CA, Ferreira ROM, Nienkötter T et al. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients: A meta-analysis. Heart Rhythm. 2024;21(9):1604–12. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.04.098
17. Srivastava PK, Claggett BL, Solomon SD, McMurray JJV, Packer M, Zile MR et al. Estimated 5-Year Number Needed to Treat to Prevent Cardiovascular Death or Heart Failure Hospitalization With Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibition vs Standard Therapy for Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: An Analysis of Data From the PARADIGM-HF Trial. JAMA Cardiology. 2018;3(12):1226–31. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.3957
18. Esteban-Fernández A, Gómez-Otero I, López-Fernández S, LópezVilella R, Pastor-Pérez F, Otero-García Ó et al. Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy in de novo heart failure: prevalence, short-term outcomes, and the role of guideline-directed therapy in ejection fraction improvement. Clinical Research in Cardiology. 2025; [Epub ahead of print]. DOI: 10.1007/s00392-025-02663-y
19. Kashimura S, Ikemura N, Kohsaka S, Katsumata Y, Kimura T, Shinmura D et al. Clinical Utility of Baseline Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels on Health Status Outcomes after Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Individuals without Heart Failure. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024;13(2):407. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020407
20. Chen X, Zhang X, Fang X, Feng S. Efficacy and safety of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2024;11:1423147. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1423147
21. Andrade JG, Deyell MW, Macle L, Steinberg JS, Glotzer TV, Hawkins NM et al. Healthcare utilization and quality of life for atrial fibrillation burden: the CIRCA-DOSE study. European Heart Journal. 2023;44(9):765–76. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac692
22. Nasab Mehrabi E, Toupchi-Khosroshahi V, Athari SS. Relationship of Atrial Fibrillation and N Terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Heart Failure Patients. ESC Heart Failure. 2023;10(6):3250–7. DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14542
23. Deering TF, Goyal SK, Bhimani AA, Hoosien M, Karimianpour A, Krishnasamy KP et al. Atrial fibrillation ablation in heart failure patients: Where do we stand in 2023? – State of the art review. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 2024;47(1):88–100. DOI: 10.1111/pace.14888
24. Winkle RA, Hardwin Mead R, Engel G, Salcedo J, Brodt C, Barberini P et al. Early ablation of newly diagnosed paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (NEWPaAF) versus newly diagnosed persistent atrial fibrillation (NEWPeAF): Comparison of patient populations and ablation outcomes. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 2024;35(5):984–93. DOI: 10.1111/jce.16248
25. Keefe JA, Garber R, McCauley MD, Wehrens XHT. Tachycardia and Atrial Fibrillation-Related Cardiomyopathies: Potential Mechanisms and Current Therapies. JACC: Heart Failure. 2024;12(4):605–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.11.016
26. Corrigendum to: 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). European Heart Journal. 2021;42(5):546–7. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa945
27. Nielsen RR, Pryds K, Olesen KKW, Mortensen MB, Gyldenkerne C, Nielsen JC et al. Coronary Artery Disease Is A Stronger Predictor of All‐Cause Mortality Than Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Heart Failure: Insights From the WDHR. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2024;13(14):e033938. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.123.033938
28. Masuda M, Matsuda Y, Uematsu H, Sugino A, Ooka H, Kudo S et al. Prognostic impact of atrial cardiomyopathy: Long-term follow-up of patients with and without low-voltage areas following atrial fibrillation ablation. Heart Rhythm. 2024;21(4):378–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.12.016
29. Bergonti M, Ascione C, Marcon L, Pambrun T, Della Rocca DG, Ferrero TG et al. Left ventricular functional recovery after atrial fibrillation catheter ablation in heart failure: a prediction model. European Heart Journal. 2023;44(35):3327–35. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad428
30. Providencia R, Ali H, Barra S, Creta A, Kukendrarajah K, Kanagaratnam P et al. Ablation of atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke: A meta-analysis. Heart Rhythm. 2026;23(1):44–55. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2025.05.021
31. Hsu JC, Darden D, Du C, Marine JE, Nichols S, Marcus GM et al. Initial Findings From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Procedures. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2023;81(9):867–78. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.11.060
32. Johnson BM, Wazni OM, Farwati M, Saliba WI, Santangeli P, Madden R et al. Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Young Adults: Measuring Quality of Life Using Patient-Reported Outcomes Over 5 Years. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. 2023;16(6):e011565. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP.122.011565
33. Simader FA, Howard JP, Ahmad Y, Saleh K, Naraen A, Samways JW et al. Catheter ablation improves cardiovascular outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. EP Europace. 2023;25(2):341–50. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac173
34. Chousou PA, Chattopadhyay RK, Matthews G, Clark A, Vassi liou VS, Pugh PJ. The incidence of atrial fibrillation detected by implantable loop recorders: a comparison between patients with and without embolic stroke of undetermined source. European Heart Journal Open. 2024;4(5):oeae061. DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeae061
35. Lu S, Liu H, Sun J, Zhang J, Li L, Tang Q et al. Evaluation of left atrial and ventricular remodeling in atrial fibrillation subtype by using speckle tracking echocardiography. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2023;10:1208577. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1208577