Статья
Враждебность, гнев, психоэмоциональные факторы и сердечно-сосудистые заболевания
В обзоре изложены основные аспекты взаимосвязей психоэмоциональных факторов, враждебности, гнева и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ). В первом разделе освещены основные исторические этапы изучения этой проблемы, начиная со средних веков и заканчивая фундаментальными исследованиями 19-20 века. Представлены исследования, в которых авторы показали, что враждебность/гнев являются фактором риска для развития некоторых ССЗ и, кроме того, влияют на прогноз и течение уже имеющихся ССЗ (артериальной гипертензии, ишемической болезни сердца, различных нарушений сердечного ритма и др.). В других главах были продемонстрированы исследования, в которых выявлено, что выраженная враждебность и гнев снижают эффективность кардиоваскулярной терапии, рассматривались основные механизмы ассоциаций враждебности/гнева и сердечно-сосудистой системы через взаимосвязи с активацией оси гипоталамус-гипофиз-надпочечники, вегетативной нервной системы, тромбоцитов и др. В заключительной главе авторы обобщают основные аспекты данной проблемы и прогнозируют перспективы дальнейших исследований в этой области, которые, вероятно, будут связаны с изучением фармакологического, поведенческого, комплексного воздействия на выраженность враждебности/гнева. с целью снижения уровней смертности от ССЗ у лиц с высокими показателями враждебности/гнева.
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