1. Fefer P, Knudtson M, Cheema A, et al. Current perspectives on coronary chronic total occlusions: the Canadian Multicenter Chronic Total Occlusions Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(11):991-7. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.12.007.
2. Råmunddal T, Hoebers L, Henriques JPS, et al. Chronic total occlusions in Sweden — a report from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR). PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e103850. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103850.
3. Werner GS, Gitt AK, Zeymer U, et al. Chronic total coronary occlusions in patients with stable angina pectoris: impact on therapy and outcome in present day clinical practice. Clin Res Cardiol. 2009;98(7):435-41. doi:10.1007/s00392-009-0013-5.
4. Tomasello SD, Boukhris M, Giubilato S, et al. Management strategies in patients affected by chronic total occlusions: results from the Italian Registry of Chronic Total Occlusions. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(45):3189-98. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv450.
5. Sapontis J, Salisbury A, Yeh R, et al. Early Procedural and Health Status Outcomes After Chronic Total Occlusion Angioplasty: A Report From the OPEN-CTO Registry (Outcomes, Patient Health Status, and Efficiency in Chronic Total Occlusion Hybrid Procedures). JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2017;10(15):1523-1534. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2017.05.065.
6. Habara M, Tsuchikane E, Muramatsu T, et al. Comparison of percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion outcome according to operator experience from the Japanese retrograde summit registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;87(6):1027-35. doi:10.1002/ccd.26354.
7. Werner GS, Martin-Yuste V, Hildick-Smith D, et al. A randomized multicentre trial to compare revascularization with optimal medical therapy for the treatment of chronic total coronary occlusions. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(26):2484-2493. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy220.
8. Sianos G, Werner G, Galassi A, et al. Recanalisation of chronic total coronary occlusions: 2012 consensus document from the EuroCTO club. EuroIntervention. 2012;8(1):139-45. doi:10.4244/EIJV8I1A21.
9. Serruys PW, Morice M-C, Kappetein AP, et al. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention versus Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting for Severe Coronary Artery Disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(10):961-72. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0804626.
10. Jang WJ, Yang JH, Choi SH, et al. Long-term survival benefit of revascularization compared with medical therapy in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion and well- developed collateral circulation. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8(2):271-279. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2014.10.010.
11. George S, Cockburn J, Clayton TC, et al. Long-term follow-up of elective chronic total coronary occlusion angioplasty: analysis from the U. K. Central Cardiac Audit Database. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(3):235-43. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.040.
12. Ma Y, Li D, Li J, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus optimal medical therapy for patients with chronic total occlusion: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Thorac Dis. 2018;10(5):2960-7. doi:10.21037/jtd.2018.04.140.
13. Abo-Aly M, Misumida N, Backer N, et al. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stent Versus Optimal Medical Therapy for Chronic Total Occlusion: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Angiology. 2019;70(10):908-15. doi:10.1177/0003319719858823.
14. Boukantar M, Loyeau A, Gallet R, et al. Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Coronary Occlusion in Daily Practice (from a Large French Registry). Am J Cardiol. 2019;124(5):688-695. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.05.062.
15. Wu K-Z, Huang Z-H, Zhong Z-A, et al. Successful treatment of complex coronary chronic total occlusions improves midterm outcomes. Ann Transl Med. 2019;7(9):194. doi:10.21037/atm.2019.05.09.
16. Hannan EL, Racz M, Holmes DR, et al. Impact of completeness of percutaneouscoronary intervention revascularization on long-term outcomes in the stent era. Circulation. 2006;113(20):2406-12. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.612267.
17. Head SJ, Mack MJ, Holmes DR Jr, et al. Incidence, predictors and outcomes of incomplete revascularization after percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting: a subgroup analysis of 3-year SYNTAX data. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012;41(3):535-41. doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezr105.
18. Quadri G, D’Ascenzo F, Moretti C, et al. Complete or incomplete coronary revascularization in patients with myocardial infarction and multivessel disease: A propensity score analysis from the “real-life” BleeMACS (bleeding complications in a multicenter registry of patients discharged with diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome) registry. EuroIntervention. 2017;13(4):407-414. doi:10.4244/EIJ-D-16-00350.
19. Lee SW, Lee PH, Ahn JM, et al. Randomized Trial Evaluating Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for the Treatment of Chronic Total Occlusion. Circulation. 2019;139(14):1674-83. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.031313.