Статья
Патофизиологические основы и диагностика поражений сердечно-сосудистой системы при коронавирусной инфекции
Данный обзор освещает патогенез, наиболее часто возникающие клинические проявления и методы диагностики поражения сердечно-сосудистой системы при коронавирусной инфекции. Был проведен поиск и анализ работ, посвященных теме обзора, опубликованных на ресурсах Elsevier, Pubmed, Web of Science по ключевым словам «COVID-19», «myocarditis», «coronavirus», «myocardial injury». Клиническая картина коронавирусной инфекции может быть представлена острой СН, миокардиальным повреждением, нарушением сердечного ритма, перикардитом, венозными тромбоэмболиями и микроциркуляторной дисфункцией. Поскольку симптомы при данной патологии неспецифичны, необходимо уделять внимание мониторингу клинико-лабораторных и инструментальных показателей для ранней дифференциальной диагностики патологии сердечно-сосудистой системы. Во всех случаях отклонений параметров вышеуказанных профилей от нормы нужно подозревать развитие сердечно-сосудистых осложнений COVID-19 и предпринимать меры для уточнения факта и тяжести поражения сердца и / или сосудов, разрабатывать подходы комплексного лечения или профилактики указанных состояний.
1. World Health Organisation. WHO Director-General’s remarks at the media briefing on 2019-nCoV on 11 February 2020.Available at: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-2019-ncov-on-11-february-2020
2. Lang JP, Wang X, Moura FA, Siddiqi HK, Morrow DA, Bohula EA. A current review of COVID-19 for the cardiovascular specialist. American Heart Journal. 2020; 226:29–44. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.04.025
3. The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team null. The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) - China, 2020. China CDC weekly. 2020;2(8):113–22. PMID: 34594836
4. Li B, Yang J, Zhao F, Zhi L, Wang X, Liu L et al. Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clinical Research in Cardiology. 2020;109(5):531–8. DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01626-9
5. Shi S, Qin M, Shen B, Cai Y, Liu T, Yang F et al. Association of Cardiac Injury with Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiology. 2020;5(7):802–10. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0950
6. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054–62. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
7. Chen T, Wu D, Chen H, Yan W, Yang D, Chen G et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ. 2020;368:m1091. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m1091 8. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061–9. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585
8. Wang T, Chen R, Liu C, Liang W, Guan W, Tang R et al. Attention should be paid to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in the management of COVID-19. The Lancet Haematology. 2020;7(5):e362–3. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30109-5
9. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
10. Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, Wu X, Zhang L, He T et al. Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiology. 2020;5(7):811–8. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017
11. Klok FA, Kruip MJHA, van der Meer NJM, Arbous MS, Gommers DAMPJ, Kant KM et al. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thrombosis Research. 2020;191:145–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.013
12. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507–13. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
13. Wang Z, Wang D, Dai Y, Zhu S, Zeng H. Urogenital System Damaging Manifestations of 3 Human Infected Coronaviruses. Journal of Urology. 2021;205(3):671–7. DOI: 10.1097/JU.0000000000001400
14. Liu K, Fang Y-Y, Deng Y, Liu W, Wang M-F, Ma J-P et al. Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province. Chinese Medical Journal. 2020;133(9):1025–31. DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000744
15. Chen L, Li X, Chen M, Feng Y, Xiong C. The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Cardiovascular Research. 2020;116(6):1097–100. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa078
16. Zhang MQ, Wang XH, Chen YL, Zhao KL, Cai YQ, An CL et al. Clinical features of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in the early stage from a fever clinic in Beijing. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020;43(3):215–8. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2020.03.015
17. Doyen D, Moceri P, Ducreux D, Dellamonica J. Myocarditis in a patient with COVID-19: a cause of raised troponin and ECG changes. The Lancet. 2020;395(10235):1516. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30912-0
18. Hu H, Ma F, Wei X, Fang Y. Coronavirus fulminant myocarditis treated with glucocorticoid and human immunoglobulin. European Heart Journal. 2020;42(2):206. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa190
19. Inciardi RM, Lupi L, Zaccone G, Italia L, Raffo M, Tomasoni D et al. Cardiac Involvement in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiology. 2020;5(7):819–24. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1096
20. Irabien-Ortiz Á, Carreras-Mora J, Sionis A, Pàmies J, Montiel J, Tauron M. Fulminant myocarditis due to COVID-19. Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition). 2020;73(6):503–4. DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.04.005
21. Kim I-C, Kim JY, Kim HA, Han S. COVID-19-related myocarditis in a 21-year-old female patient. European Heart Journal. 2020;41(19):1859–1859. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa288
22. Paul J-F, Charles P, Richaud C, Caussin C, Diakov C. Myocarditis revealing COVID-19 infection in a young patient. European Heart Journal – Cardiovascular Imaging. 2020;21(7):776. DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa107
23. Sala S, Peretto G, Gramegna M, Palmisano A, Villatore A, Vignale D et al. Acute myocarditis presenting as a reverse Tako-Tsubo syndrome in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection. European Heart Journal. 2020;41(19):1861–2. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa286
24. Tavazzi G, Pellegrini C, Maurelli M, Belliato M, Sciutti F, Bottazzi A et al. Myocardial localization of coronavirus in COVID‐19 cardiogenic shock. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2020;22(5):911–5. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1828
25. Zeng J-H, Liu Y-X, Yuan J, Wang F-X, Wu W-B, Li J-X et al. First case of COVID-19 complicated with fulminant myocarditis: a case report and insights. Infection. 2020;48(5):773–7. DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01424-5
26. Министерство здравоохранения РФ. Временные методические рекомендации «Профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19)». Версия 14 (27.12.2021). Доступно на: https://static-0.minzdrav.gov.ru/system/attachments/attaches/000/059/041/original/%D0%92%D0%9C%D0%A0_COVID-19_V14_27-12-2021.pdf
27. Dweck MR, Bularga A, Hahn RT, Bing R, Lee KK, Chapman AR et al. Global evaluation of echocardiography in patients with COVID-19. European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. 2020;21(9):949–58. DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa178
28. Giustino G, Croft LB, Stefanini GG, Bragato R, Silbiger JJ, Vicenzi M et al. Characterization of Myocardial Injury in Patients with COVID-19. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020;76(18):2043–55. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.069
29. Tersalvi G, Vicenzi M, Calabretta D, Biasco L, Pedrazzini G, Winterton D. Elevated Troponin in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: Possible Mechanisms. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 2020;26(6):470–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.04.009
30. Chen G, Wu D, Guo W, Cao Y, Huang D, Wang H et al. Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2020;130(5):2620–9. DOI: 10.1172/JCI137244
31. Monpara JD, Sodha SJ, Gupta PK. COVID-19 associated complications and potential therapeutic targets. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2020;886: 173548. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173548
32. Kichloo A, Dettloff K, Aljadah M, Albosta M, Jamal S, Singh J et al. COVID-19 and Hypercoagulability: A Review. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. 2020;26: 107602962096285. DOI: 10.1177/1076029620962853
33. Giustino G, Pinney SP, Lala A, Reddy VY, Johnston-Cox HA, Mechanick JI et al. Coronavirus and Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Injury, and Arrhythmia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020;76(17):2011–23. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.059
34. Сережина Е.К., Обрезан А.Г. Патофизиологические механизмы и нозологические формы сердечно-сосудистой патологии при COVID-19. Кардиология. 2020;60(8):23-6. DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2020.8.n1215
35. Boukhris M, Hillani A, Moroni F, Annabi MS, Addad F, Ribeiro MH et al. Cardiovascular Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Perspective. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;36(7):1068–80. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.05.018
36. Шляхто Е.В., Конради А.О., Арутюнов Г.П., Арутюнов А.Г., Баутин А.Е., Бойцов С.А. и др. Руководство по диагностике и лечению болезней системы кровообращения в контексте пандемии COVID-19. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(3):129-48. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3-3801