1. Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, Bueno H, Geersing GJ, Harjola VP et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2020;41(4):543–603. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz405
2. Lehnert P, Lange T, Møller CH, Olsen PS, Carlsen J. Acute pulmonary embolism in a national Danish cohort: increasing incidence and decreasing mortality. Thromb Haemost. 2018;118(3): 539–546. doi:10.1160/TH17-08-0531
3. Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, De Rosa M. Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER). Lancet. 1999;353(9162): 1386–1389. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)07534-5
4. Carroll BJ, Beyer SE, Mehegan T, Dicks A, Pribish A, Locke A et al. Changes in care for acute pulmonary embolism through a multidisciplinary pulmonary embolism response team. Am J Med. 2020;133(11):1313–1321.e6. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.03.058
5. López-Candales A, Vallurupalli S. Pulmonary embolism. In: Gaine SP, Naeije R, Peacock AJ (eds.). The right heart. Springer, Cham. 2021. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78255-9_14
6. Ribeiro A, Juhlin-Dannfelt A, Brodin LA, Holmgren A, Jorfeldt L. Pulmonary embolism: relation between the degree of right ventricle overload and the extent of perfusion defects. Am Heart J. 1998;135(5):868–874. doi:10.1016/S0002-8703(98)70048-1
7. Burrowes KS, Clark AR, Tawhai MH. Blood flow redistribution and ventilation-perfusion mismatch during embolic pulmonary arterial occlusion. Pulm Circ. 2011;1(3):365–376. doi:10.4103/2045-8932.87302
8. Barco S, Mahmoudpour SH, Planquette B, Sanchez O, Konstantinides KV, Meyer G. Prognostic value of right ventricular dysfunction or elevated cardiac biomarkers in patients with lowrisk pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(11):902–910. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy873
9. Bryce YC, Perez-Johnston R, Bryce EB, Homayoon B, Santos-Martin EG. Pathophysiology of right ventricular failure in acute pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a pictorial essay for the interventional radiologist. Insights Imaging. 2019;10(1):18. doi:10.1186/s13244-019-0695-9
10. Khandhar SJ, Mehta M, Cilia L, Palevsky H, Matthai W, Rivera-Lebron B et al. Invasive hemodynamic assessment of patients with submassive pulmonary embolism. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;95(1):13–18. doi:10.1002/ccd.28491
11. Kucher N, Boekstegers P, Müller OJ, Kupatt C, Beyer-Westendorf J, Heitzer T et al. Randomized, controlled trial of ultrasoundassisted catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute intermediaterisk pulmonary embolism. Circulation. 2014;129(4):479–486. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005544
12. D’Auria S, Sezer A, Thoma F, Sharbaugh M, McKibben J, Maholic R et al. Outcomes of catheter-directed thrombolysis vs. standard medical therapy in patients with acute submassive pulmonary embolism. Pulm Circ. 2020;10(1):2045894019898368. doi:10.1177/2045894019898368
13. Piazza G, Hohlfelder B, Jaff MR, Ouriel K, Engelhardt TC, Sterling KM et al. SEATTLE II Investigators. A prospective, single-arm, multicenter trial of ultrasound-facilitated, catheterdirected, low-dose fibrinolysis for acute massive and submassive pulmonary embolism: the SEATTLE II study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8(10):1382–1392. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2015.04.020
14. Bishay VL, Adenikinju O, Todd R. Flow triever retrieval system for the treatment of pulmonary embolism: overview of its safety and efficacy. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2021;18(11):1039–1048. doi:10.1080/17434440.2021.1982379
15. Tu T, Toma C, Tapson VF, Adams C, Jaber WA, Silver M et al.; FLARE Investigators. A prospective, single-arm, multicenter trial of catheter-directed mechanical thrombectomy for intermediaterisk acute pulmonary embolism: the FLARE study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;12(9):859–869. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2018.12.022
16. Sista AK, Horowitz JM, Tapson VF, Rosenberg M, Elder MD, Schiro BJ et al. EXTRACT-PE Investigators. Indigo aspiration system for treatment of pulmonary embolism: results of the EXTRACT-PE trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2021;14(3):319–329. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2020.09.053
17. Rogers MA, Levine DA, Blumberg N, Flanders SA, Chopra V, Langa KM. Triggers of hospitalization for venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 2012;125(17):2092–2099. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.084467
18. Anderson FA Jr, Spencer FA. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 2003;107(23Suppl.1):19–16. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000078469.07362.E6
19. Chesebro JH, Knatterud G, Roberts R, Borer J, Cohen LS, Dalen J et al. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial, phase I: a comparison between intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and intravenous streptokinase. Clinical findings through hospital discharge. Circulation. 1987;76(1):142–154. doi:10.1161/01.cir.76.1.142
20. Эрлих А. Д., Атаканова А. Н., Неешпапа А. Г., Черепанова Н. А., Барбараш О. Л., Муллова И. С. и др. Российский регистр острой тромбоэмболии легочной артерии СИРЕНА: характеристика пациентов и лечение в стационаре. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(10):3849. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3849
21. Черепанова Н. А., Подлипаева А. А., Андреева Е. С., Умярова Э. Н., Муллова И. С., Павлова Т. В. и др. Тромболитическая терапия в сравнении с нефракционированным гепарином в лечении гемодинамически стабильных пациентов с тромбоэмболией легочной артерии: систематический обзор и метаанализ. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2022;27(3S):5120. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2022-5120. EDN UYVPLK
22. Meyer G, Vicaut E, Danays T, Agnelli G, Becattini C, Beyer-Westendorf J et al. PEITHO Investigators. Fibrinolysis for patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(15):1402–1411. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1302097
23. Черепанова Н. А., Муллова И. С., Павлова Т. В., Эрлих А. Д., Барбараш О. Л., Бернс С. А. и др. Тромболитическая терапия в лечении пациентов с тромбоэмболией легочной артерии невысокого риска по данным регистра СИРЕНА. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2021;17(3):401–407. doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2021-06-11
24. Casazza F, Becattini C, Bongarzoni A, Cuccia C, Roncon L, Favretto G et al. Clinical features and short term outcomes of patients with acute pulmonary embolism. The Italian Pulmonary Embolism Registry (IPER). Thromb Res. 2012;130(6):847–852. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2012.08.292
25. Sanchez O, Charles-Nelson A, Ageno W, Barco S, Binder H, Chatellier G et al.; PEITHO‑3 Investigators. Reduced-Dose intravenous thrombolysis for acute intermediate-high-risk pulmonary embolism: rationale and design of the Pulmonary Embolism International THrOmbolysis (PEITHO)-3 trial. Thromb Haemost. 2022;122(5):857–866. doi:10.1055/a‑1653-4699
26. Карпенко А. А., Старосоцкая М. В., Чернявский М. А., Чернявский А. М., Белогуров А. А., Дельвер Е. П. Тромболитическая терапия острой массивной тромбоэмболии легочных артерий рекомбинантной проурокиназой. Флебология. 2010;4(4): 16–20
27. Liang NL, Avgerinos ED, Marone LK, Singh MJ, Makaroun MS, Chaer RA. Comparative outcomes of ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis and standard catheter-directed thrombolysis in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2016;50(6):405–410. doi:10.1177/1538574416666228
28. Kuo WT, Banerjee A, Kim PS, DeMarco FJ Jr, Levy JR, Facchini FR et al. Pulmonary Embolism Response to Fragmentation, Embolectomy, and Catheter Thrombolysis (PERFECT): initial results from a prospective multicenter registry. Chest. 2015;148(3):667–673. doi:10.1378/chest.15-0119
29. Tapson VF, Sterling K, Jones N, Elder M, Tripathy U, Brower J et al. A randomized trial of the optimum duration of acoustic pulse thrombolysis procedure in acute intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism: the OPTALYSE PE trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;11(14):1401–1410. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2018.04.008
30. Klok FA, Piazza G, Sharp ASP, Ní Ainle F, Jaff MR, Chauhan N et al. Ultrasound-facilitated, catheter-directed thrombolysis vs anticoagulation alone for acute intermediate-high risk pulmonary embolism: rationale and design of the HI-PEITHO study. Am Heart J. 2022;251:43–53. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2022.05.011
31. Kucher N, Boekstegers P, Müller OJ, Kupatt C, Beyer-Westendorf J, Heitzer T et al. Randomized, controlled trial of ultrasoundassisted catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute intermediaterisk pulmonary embolism. Circulation. 2014;129(4):479–486. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005544
32. Pietrasik A, Gąsecka A, Szarpak Ł, Pruc M, Kopiec T, Darocha S et al. Catheter-based therapies decrease mortality in patients with intermediate and high-risk pulmonary embolism: evidence from meta-analysis of 65,589 patients. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:861307. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.861307