Статья
Синдром постуральной ортостатической тахикардии как проявление постковидного синдрома
Пандемия коронавирусной инфекции, сложные и недостаточно изученные механизмы которой вызывают расстройства функции многих органов и систем организма, обусловила появление новых проблем, далеких от разрешения. Исследователи отмечают трудности прогнозирования течения заболевания и исхода в связи с обнаружением многих симптомов, возникших в разгар болезни и сохраняющихся в течение 3-6 мес после выздоровления. Появился термин «постковидный синдром», отражающий состояние пациента, перенесшего COVID-19, с отрицательным ПЦР-тестом и с симптомами, продолжающимися более 12 нед от начала заболевания, не объясняющимися альтернативным диагнозом. Постуральная ортостатическая тахикардия как проявление постковидного синдрома описана у молодых женщин, перенесших коронавирусную инфекцию различной степени тяжести. В случае развития синдрома постуральной ортостатической тахикардии ухудшается качество жизни, ограничивается трудоспособность пациентов. Доказательная база для медикаментозной терапии синдрома постуральной тахикардии отсутствует, в большинстве случаев применяют эмпирическое медикаментозные и немедикаментозные методы лечения.
1. Johansson M, Stahberg M, Runold M, et al. Long-Haul Post-COVID-19 Symptoms Presenting as a Variant of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: The Swedish Experience. Am Coll Cardiol Case Rep. 2021;3(4):573-80. DOI:10.1016/j.jaccas.2021.01.009.
2. Miglis MG, Prieto T, Shaik R, et al. A case report of postural tachycardia syndrome after COVID-19. Clin Auton Res. 2020;30(5):449-51. DOI:10.1007/s10286-020-00727-9.
3. Schmidt LL, Karabin BL, Malone AC. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): Assess, Diagnose, and Evaluate for POTS Treatment (ADEPT). Integr Med Int. 2017;4(3-4):142-53. DOI:10.1159/000484205.
4. Schondorf R, Low PA. Idiopathic postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: an attenuated form of acute pandysautonomia? Neurology. 1993;43(1):132-7. DOI:10.1212/wnl.43.1_part_1.132.
5. Freeman R, Weiling W, Axelrod F, et al. Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 2011;21(2):69-72. DOI:10.1007/s10286-011-0119-5.
6. Garland EM, Celedonio JE, Raj SR. Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2015;15(9):60. DOI:10.1007/s11910-015-0583-8.
7. Low PA, Sandroni P, Joyner M, Shen VK. Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS). J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2009;20(3):352-8. DOI:10.1111/j.1540-8167.2008.01407.x
8. Robertson D. The epidemic of orthostatic tachycardia and orthostatic intolerance. Am J Med Sci. 1999;317(2):75-7. DOI:10.1016/s0002-9629(15)40480-X.
9. Grubb BP. Postural tachycardia syndrome. Circulation. 2008;117(21):2814-17. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.761643.
10. Sheldon RS, Grubb BP, Olshansky B, et al. 2015 heart rhythm society expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of postural tachycardia syndrome, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, and vasovagal syncope. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12(6):e41-e63. DOI:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.03.029.
11. Arnold AC, Ng J, Raj SR. Postural tachycardia syndrome - diagnosis, physiology, and prognosis. Auton Neurosci. 2018;215:3-11. DOI:10.1016/j.autneu.2018.02.005.
12. Thieben MJ, Sandroni P, Sletten DM, et al. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: The Mayo clinic experienceс. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82(3):308-13. DOI:10.4065/82.3.308.
13. Peltier AC, Garland A, Raj SR. Distal sudomotor findings in postural tachycardia syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 2010;20(2):93-9. DOI:10.1007/s10286-009-0045-y.
14. Devigili G, Tugnoli V, Penza P, et al. The diagnostic criteria for small fiber neuropathy: from symptoms to neuropathology. Brain. 2008;131(Pt7):1912-25. DOI:10.1093/brain/awn093.
15. Shibao C, Arzubiaga C, Roberts LJ, et al. Hyperadrenergic postural tachycardia syndrome in mast cell activation disorders. Hypertension. 2005;45(3):385-90. DOI:10.1161/01.HYP.0000158259.68614/40.
16. Okamoto LE, Raj SR, Gamboa A, et al. Sympathetic activation is associated with increased Il-6, but not crp in the absence of obesity: Lessons from postural tachycardia syndrome and obesity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2015;309(12):H2098-2107. DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00409.2015.
17. Shannon JR, Flatten NL, Jordan J, et al. Orthostatic intolerance and tachycardia associated with norepinephrine-transporter deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(8):541-9. DOI:10.1056/NEJM200002243420803.
18. Doherty T, White AA. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and the potential role of mast cell activation. Auton Neurosci. 2018;215:83-8. DOI:10.1016/jautneu.2018.05.001.
19. Stewart JM, Glover JL, Medow MS. Increased plasma angiotensin II in postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is related to reduced blood flow and blood volume. Clin Sci (Lond). 2006;110(2):255-63. DOI:10.1042/CS20050254.
20. Raj SR, Biaggioni I, Yamhure PC, et al. Renin-aldosterone paradox and perturbed blood volume regulation underlying postural tachycardia syndrome. Ciculation. 2005;111(13):1574-82. DOI:10.1161/0.CIR.0000160356973.5D.
21. Mustafa HI, Raj SR, Diedrich A, et al. Altered systemic hemodynamic and baroreflex response to angiotensin II in postural tachycardia syndrome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2012;5(1):173-80. DOI:10.1161/CIRCEP.111.965343.
22. Tank J, Baevsky RM, Funtova II, et al. Orthostatic heart rate responses after prolonged space flights. Clin Auton Res. 2011;21(2):121-24. DOI:10.1007/s10286-010-0106-2.
23. Malfait F, Francomano C, Byers P, et al. The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Am J Med Genet Part C Semin Med Genet. 2017;175(1):8-26. DOI:10.1002/ajmg.c.31552.
24. Castori M, Sperduti I, Celletti C, et al. Symptom and joint mobility progression in the joint hypermobility syndrome (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2011;29(6):998-1005.
25. Hakim A, O‘Callagham C, De Wandele I, et al. Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome-Hypermobile Type. Am J Med Genet Part C Semin Med Genet. 2017;175(1):168-74. DOI:10.1002/ajmg.c.31543.
26. Bryarly M, Phillips LT, Fu Q, et al. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: JACC focus seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(10):1207-28. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.059.
27. Gunning WT, Stepkowski SM, Kramer PM, et al. Inflammatory Biomarkers in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome with Elevated G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Autoantibodies. J Clin Med. 2021;10(4):623. DOI:10.3390/jcm10040623.
28. Fedorovsky A. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: clinical presentation, aetiology and management. J Intern Med. 2019;285(4):352-66. DOI:10.1111/joim.12852.
29. Blitshteyn S, Whitelaw S. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and other autonomic disorders after COVID-19 infection: a case series of 20 patients. Immunol Res. 2021;69(2):205-11. DOI:10.1007/s12026-021-09185-5.
30. Kanjwal K, Jamal S, Kichloo A, Grubb BP. New-onset postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome following coronavirus disease 2019 infection. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag. 2020;11(11):4302-4. DOI:10.19102/icrm.202.111102.
31. Novak P. Post COVID-19 syndrome associated with orthostatic cerebral hyperfusion syndrome, small fiber neuropathy and benefit of immunotherapy: a case report. Neurological Sci. 2020;21:100276. DOI:10.1016/j.ensci.2020.100276.
32. Miller AJ, Raj SR. Pharmacotherapy for postural tachycardia syndrome. Auton Neurosci. 2018;215:28-36. DOI:10.1016/j.autneu.2018.04.008.
33. Taub R, Zadourian A, Lo HC, et al. Randomized Trial of Ivabradine in Patients with Hyperadrenergic Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(7):861-71. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.12.029.
34. Molderings GJ, Haenisch B, Brettner S, et al. Pharmacological treatment options for mast cell activation disease. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol. 2016;389(7):671-94. DOI:10.1007/s00210-016-1247-1.
35. Sokol KC, Ghazi A, Kelly BC, Grant JA. Omalizumab as a desensitizing agent and treatment in mastocytosis: a review of the literature and case report. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2014;2(3):266- 70. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2014.03.009.
36. Coffin ST, Black BK, Biaggioni I, et al. Desmopressin acutely decreases tachycardia and improves symptoms in the postural tachycardia syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 2012;9(9):1484-90. DOI:10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.05.002.
37. Kanjwa l K, Saeed B, Karabin B, et al. Erythropoietin in the treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Am J Ther. 2012;19(2):92-5. DOI:10.1097/MJT. 0b013e3181ef621a.
38. Zhao J, Tang C, Jin H, Du J. Plasma copeptin and therapeutic effectiveness of midodrine hydrochloride on postural tachycardia syndrome in children. J Pediatr. 2014;165(2):290-94.e1. DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.04.032.
39. Raj SR, Black BK, Biaggioni I, et al. Propranolol decreases tachycardia and improves symptoms in the postural tachycardia syndrome: less is more. Circulation. 2009;120(9):725-34. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.846501.
40. Raj SR. Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Circulation. 2013;127(23):2336-427 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.144501.
41. Ruzieh M, Sirianni N, Ammari Z, et al. Ivabradine in the treatment of postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), a single center experience. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 2017;40(11):1242-45. DOI:10.1111/pace.13182.
42. Tahir F, Arif TB, Majid Z, et al. Ivabradine in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Review of the Literature. Cureus. 2020;12(4):e7868. DOI:10.7759/cureus.7868.