Статья
Влияние кишечной микробиоты на риск развития кардиометаболических заболеваний
Ожирение является многофакторным заболеванием, приводящим к избыточному накоплению жировой ткани, главным образом, висцерального жира. Значение и распространенность ожирения существенно возросли за последние десятилетия во всем мире. До настоящего времени пандемия ожирения была связана в большей степени с изменением образа жизни: избыточным потреблением пищи и снижением физической активности. В последние годы особое внимание уделяется изучению состава и функций кишечной микробиоты в качестве основного фактора развития ожирения и связанных с ним сопутствующих заболеваний, таких как артериальная гипертензия, ишемическая болезнь сердца, сердечная недостаточность и другие. Уже доказано, что микробиота кишечника влияет на извлечение, накопление и расход энергии, получаемый из пищи, липидный обмен и иммунный ответ. Также выявлено, что состав микробиоты отличается у худых и страдающих ожирением людей. Таким образом, изучение связи состава кишечной микробиоты и факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, в частности, ожирения, является актуальной задачей. Целью настоящего обзора является анализ литературы по оценке связи состава и функций кишечной микробиоты в диагностике и профилактике ожирения и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.
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