Статья
Анемия и железодефицит у больных с хронической сердечной недостаточностью
В представленном обзоре затронуты вопросы распространенности анемии и железодефицита (ЖД) при ХСН, их влияние на течение и прогноз этого состояния. Сформулировано определение анемии и ЖД на основе оценки различных лабораторных данных. В частности, обсуждается диагностическая значимость определения сывороточного железа, ферритина сыворотки крови, коэффициента насыщения трансферрина, общей железосвязывающей способности сыворотки крови и уровень растворимых рецепторов трансферрина. Подчеркивается важность определения уровня железа в костном мозге, хоть и являющегося «золотым стандартом» диагностики ЖД, но редко используемого в широкой клинической практике. Освещены патогенетические механизмы развития ЖД при ХСН, включая недостаток поступления железа, роль воспаления, эритропоэтина, РААС и влияние некоторых фармакологических препаратов. Описываются физиологические последствия ЖД и анемии, активация гемодинамических и негемодинамических компенсаторных механизмов, развивающихся в ответ на анемию и нередко усугубляющих течение ХСН. Особое внимание уделено современным подходам в лечении анемии и ЖД при ХСН, включая обсуждение эффективности и безопасности пероральных, внутривенно вводимых препаратов железа и стимуляторов гемопоэза.
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