Статья
НЕКЛАПАННАЯ ФИБРИЛЛЯЦИЯ ПРЕДСЕРДИЙ И ДИАБЕТИЧЕСКАЯ НЕФРОПАТИЯ: ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ, ПРОГНОЗ И ВЫБОР АНТИКОАГУЛЯНТНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ
В обзоре представлена распространенность фибрилляции предсердий (ФП) у больных сахарным диабетом (СД) 2-го типа, диабетической нефропатией и хронической болезнью почек (ХБП). Показано, что у пациентов с неклапанной ФП и СД 2-го типа в сочетании с ХБП значительно повышены риск развития как кровотечений, так и тромбоэмболических осложнений, общая смертность. Эффективность и безопасность невитамин-К-зависимых пероральных антикоагулянтов при ФП зависит от коморбидной патологии и может определяться наличием СД 2-го типа и диабетической нефропатии. Применение варфарина при ХБП в ряде случаев не обеспечивает профилактического эффекта в отношении риска развития инсультов и характеризуется увеличением риска кровотечений за счет плохого контроля международного нормализованного отношения и, возможно, развития кальцификации артерий. Наличие диабетической нефропатии требует мониторинга фильтрационной функции почек с целью коррекции дозы или выбора другого антикоагулянта. Отсутствие данных рандомизированных клинических исследований (РКИ) затрудняет выбор антикоагулянтной терапии у больных терминальной ХБП, находящихся на гемодиализе, перенесших трансплантацию почки.
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