1. Eckle R.H., Grundy S.M., Zimmet P.Z. The metabolism syndrome. Lancet, 2005; 365 (9468): 1415–1428.
2. Симонова Г.И., Мустафина С.В., Печенкина Е.А. Распространенность метаболического синдрома в Сибири: популяционное исследование в г. Новосибирске. Бюл. СО РАМН, 2011; 31 (5): 100–106.
3. Galassi A., Reynolds K., He J. Metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Am. J. Med., 2006; 119 (10): 812–819.
4. Mustafina S.V., Rymar O.D., Shcherbakova L.V. et al. The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Russian population cohort according to data from the HAPIEE project. J. Personal. Med., 2021; 11 (2): 1–15.
5. Huang K.C., Lin R.C., Kormas N. et al: Plasma leptin is associated with insulin resistance independent of age, body mass index, fat mass, lipids, and pubertal development in nondiabetic adolescents. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 2004; 28 (4): 470–475.
6. Hodge A.M., Boyko E.J., de Courten M. et al: Leptin and other components of the metabolic syndrome in Mauritius – a factor analysis. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 2001; 25 (1): 126–131.
7. Дедов И.И., Мельниченко Г.А., Бутрова С.А. Жировая ткань как эндокринный орган. Ожирение и метаболизм, 2006; 3 (1): 6–13. doi: 10.14341/2071-8713-49375
8. Jung C.H., Kim M.-S. Molecular mechanisms of central leptin resistance in obesity. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2013; 36: 201–207. doi: 10.1007/s12272-013-0020-y
9. Vu J.P., Larauche M., Flores M. et al. Regulation of appetite, body composition, and metabolic hormones by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). J. Mol. Neurosci., 2015; 56: 377–387. doi: 10.1007/s12031-015-0556-z
10. Friedman J.M. Leptin, leptin receptors, and the control of body weight. Nutr. Rev., 1998; 56: S38–S46. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01685.x
11. Najam S.S., Awan F.R., Islam M. et al. Leptin correlation with obesity, diabetes and gender in a population from Faisalabad, Pakistan. Arch. Med., 2016, 8: 5. doi: 10.21767/1989-5216.1000169
12. Kazmi A., Tariq K.M., Hashim R. Association of leptin with type diabetes in non-obese subjects. J. Ayub. Med. Coll. Abbottabad, 2012; 24: 186–189.
13. Awede B., Adovoekpe D., Adehan G. et al. Adiponectin, in contrast to leptin, is not associated with body mass index, waist circumference and HOMA-IR in subjects of a West-African population. Physiol. Rep., 2018; 6: e13718–e13724, doi: 10.14814/phy2.13718
14. Kumari R., Kumar S., Kant R. An update on metabolic syndrome: Metabolic risk markers and adipokines in the development of metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab. Syndr., 2019; 13: 2409–2417. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.06.005
15. Marita A.R., Sarkar J.A., Rane S. Type diabetes in non-obese Indian subjects is associated with reduced leptin levels: study from Mumbai, Western India. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 2005; 275: 143–151.
16. Wang Z., Zhuo Q., Fu P. et al. Are the associations of plasma leptin and adiponectin with type diabetes independent of obesity in older Chinese adults? Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev., 2010; 26: 109–114.
17. Buyukbese M.A., Cetinkaya A., Kocabas R. et al. Leptin levels in obese women with and without type diabetes mellitus. Mediators Inflamm., 2004; 13: 321–325.
18. Coimbra S., Brandao Proenca J., Santos-Silva A., Neuparth M.J. Adiponectin, leptin, and chemerin in elderly patients with type diabetes mellitus: a close linkage with obesity and length of the disease. Biomed. Res. Int., 2014; 2014: 701915.
19. Huang K.C., Lin R.C., Kormas N. et al. Plasma leptin is associated with insulin resistance independent of age, body mass index, fat mass, lipids, and pubertal development in nondiabetic adolescents. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 2004; 28 (4): 470–475.
20. Hamnvik O.P., Liu X., Petrou M. et al. Soluble leptin receptor and leptin are associated with baseline adiposity and metabolic risk factors, and predict adiposity, metabolic syndrome, and glucose levels at 2-year follow-up: the Cyprus Metabolism Prospective Cohort Study. Metabolism, 2011; 60 (7): 987–993, doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.09.009
21. Ingelsson E., Larson M.G., Yin X. et al: Circulating ghrelin, leptin, and soluble leptin receptor concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors in a community-based sample. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2008, 93 (8): 3149–3157.
22. Yun J.E., Kimm H., Jo J., Jee S.H. Serum leptin is associated with metabolic syndrome in obese and nonobese Korean populations. Metabolism, 2010, 59 (3): 424–429.
23. Galletti F., Barbato A., Versiero M. et al. Circulating leptin levels predict the development of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged men: an 8-year follow-up study. J. Hypertens., 2007, 25 (8): 1671–1677.
24. Franks P.W., Brage S., Luan J. et al. Leptin predicts a worsening of the features of the metabolic syndrome independently of obesity. Obes. Res., 2005, 13 (8): 1476–1484.
25. Ghaedian M.M., Nazari Jaz A., Momeni M. et al. Plasma leptin level is positively associated with blood pressure measures independent of gender and BMI. Clin. Exp. Hypertens., 2020; 42: 31–35, doi: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1557684
26. Lisko I., Tiainen K., Stenholm S. et al. Are body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio associated with leptin in 90-year-old people? Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 2013; 67: 420–422, doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.39