1. Howick JH. The Philosophy of Evidence-based Medicine. Wiley. p. 15. ISBN: 978-1-4443- 4266-6.

2. Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, et al. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn’t. BMJ. 1996;312:71-2.

3. Федеральный закон от 21.11.2011 № 323-ФЗ (ред. от 03.04.2017) “Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации”. https://minzdrav.gov.ru/documents/7025.

4. Эпидемиологический словарь. Под ред. Джона М. Ласта для Международной эпидемиологической ассоциации. 4-е изд. Москва, 2009. 316 с.

5. Федеральное агентство по техническому регулированию и метрологии. Национальный стандарт Российской Федерации. ГОСТ Р 52379-2005. Надлежащая клиническая практика. Москва, 2005. https://roszdravnadzor.gov.ru/i/upload/images/2014/10/20/1413792833.82951-1-20391.rtf.

6. Федеральный закон от 12.04.2010 № 61-ФЗ (ред. от 03.07.2016) “Об обращении лекарственных средств”. https://base.garant.ru/12174909/.

7. Андреева Н.С., Реброва О.Ю., Зорин Н.А. и др. Системы оценки достоверности научных доказательств и убедительности рекомендаций: сравнительная характеристика и перспективы унификации. Медицинские технологии. Оценка и выбор. 2012;4:10-24.

8. Cosío FG. Atrial Flutter, Typical and Atypical: A Review. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 2017;6(2):55-62.

9. Katritsis DG, Marine JE, Latchamsetty R, et al. Coexistent Types of Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia: Implications for the Tachycardia Circuit. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2015;8(5):1189-93.

10. George SA, Faye NR, Murillo-Berlioz A, et al. At the Atrioventricular Crossroads: Dual Pathway Electrophysiology in the Atrioventricular Node and its Underlying Heterogeneities. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 2017;6(4):179-85.

11. Sheldon RS, Grubb BP2nd, Olshansky B, et al. 2015 heart rhythm society expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of postural tachycardia syndrome, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, and vasovagal syncope. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12(6):e41-e63.

12. Olshansky B, Sullivan RM. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia. Europace. 2019;21(2): 194-207.

13. Brugada J, Katritsis DG, Arbelo E, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(5):655-720. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz467. (A correction has been published: Eur Heart J. 2020;41(44):4258. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz827).

14. Mareedu RK, Abdalrahman IB, Dharmashankar KC, et al. Atrial flutter versus atrial fibrillation in a general population: differences in comorbidities associated with their respective onset. Clin Med Res. 2010;8(1):1-6.

15. Marcus GM, Smith LM, Whiteman D, et al. Alcohol intake is significantly associated with atrial flutter in patients under 60 years of age and a shorter right atrial effective refractory period. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2008;31(3):266-72.

16. Mont L, Elosua R, Brugada J. Endurance sport practice as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Europace. 2009;11(1):11-7.

17. Chinitz JS, Gerstenfeld EP, Marchlinski FE, Callans DJ. Atrial fibrillation is common after ablation of isolated atrial flutter during long-term follow-up. Heart Rhythm. 2007;4(8):1029-33.

18. Pizzale S, Lemery R, Green MS, et al. Frequency and predictors of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy in patients with persistent atrial flutter. Can J Cardiol. 2009;25(8):469-72.

19. Goyal R, Zivin A, Souza J, et al. Comparison of the ages of tachycardia onset in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and accessory pathway-mediated tachycardia. Am Heart J. 1996;132(4):765-7.

20. Porter MJ, Morton JB, Denman R, et al. Influence of age and gender on the mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia. Heart Rhythm. 2004;1(4):393-6.

21. Choi SH, Weng LC, Wang EY, et al. Frequency of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities in a Half Million Adults. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2018;11(7):e006273.

22. Page RL, Joglar JA, Caldwell MA, et al. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(13):e27-e115.

23. Laurent G, Leong-Poi H, Mangat I, et al. Influence of ventriculoatrial timing on hemodynamics and symptoms during supraventricular tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2009;20(2):176-81.

24. Abe H, Nagatomo T, Kobayashi H, et al. Neurohumoral and hemodynamic mechanisms of diuresis during atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1997;20(11):2783-8.

25. Drago F, Turchetta A, Calzolari A, et al. Reciprocating supraventricular tachycardia in children: low rate at rest as a major factor related to propensity to syncope during exercise. Am Heart J. 1996;132:280-5.

26. Haghjoo M, Arya A, Heidari A, et al. Electrophysiologic characteristics and results of radiofrequency catheter ablation in elderly patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. J Electrocardiol. 2007;40:208-13.

27. Razavi M, Luria DM, Jahangir A, et al. Acute blood pressure changes after the onset of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: a time-course analysis. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2005;16(10):1037-40.

28. Walfridsson U, Strömberg A, Janzon M, Walfridsson H. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia in a Swedish population: consequences on health-related quality of life. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2009;32(10):1299-306.

29. Cain N, Irving C, Webber S, et al. Natural history of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome diagnosed in childhood. Am J Cardiol. 2013;112(7):961-5.

30. Lessmeier TJ, Gamperling D, Johnson-Liddon V, et al. Unrecognized paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Potential for misdiagnosis as panic disorder. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(5):537-43.

31. Arnar DO, Mairesse GH, Boriani G, et al. Management of asymptomatic arrhythmias: a European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document, endorsed by the Heart Failure Association (HFA), Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), Cardiac Arrhythmia Society of Southern Africa (CASSA), and Latin America Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS). Europace. 2019; doi:10.1093/europace/euz046.

32. Ellis ER, Josephson ME. What About Tachycardia-induced Cardiomyopathy? Arrhythm Electrop.hysiol Rev. 2013;2(2):82-90.

33. Markowitz SM, Stein KM, Mittal S, et al. Differential effects of adenosine on focal and macroreentrant atrial tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1999;10(4):489-502.

34. Teh AW, Kistler PM, Kalman JM. Using the 12-lead ECG to localize the origin of ventricular and atrial tachycardias: part 1. Focal atrial tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2009;20(6):706-9.

35. Coffey JO, d’Avila A, Dukkipati S, et al. Catheter ablation of scar-related atypical atrial flutter. Europace. 2013;15(3):414-9.

36. Bochoeyer A, Yang Y, Cheng J, et al. Surface electrocardiographic characteristics of right and left atrial flutter. Circulation. 2003;108(1):60-6.

37. Bhatia S, Sugrue A, Asirvatham S. Atrial Fibrillation: Beyond Rate Control. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018;93(3):373-80.

38. Markowitz SM, Thomas G, Liu CF, et al. Atrial Tachycardias and Atypical Atrial Flutters: Mechanisms and Approaches to Ablation. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 2019;8(2):131-7.

39. Bun SS, Latcu DG, Marchlinski F, Saoudi N. Atrial flutter: more than just one of a kind. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(35):2356-63.

40. De Ponti R, Marazzato J, Marazzi R, et al. Challenges in Narrow QRS Complex Tachycardia Interpretation. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2019;11(2):283-99.

41. Katritsis DG, Wellens HJ, Josephson ME. Mahaim Accessory Pathways. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 2017;6(1):29-32.

42. Rossano J, Bloemers B, Sreeram N, et al. Efficacy of implantable loop recorders in establishing symptom-rhythm correlation in young patients with syncope and palpitations. Pediatrics. 2003;112(3 Pt 1):e228-e233.

43. Martinez T, Sztajzel J. Utility of event loop recorders for the management of arrhythmias in young ambulatory patients. Int J Cardiol. 2004;97(3):495-8.

44. Hoefman E, van Weert HC, Reitsma JB, et al. Diagnostic yield of patient-activated loop recorders for detecting heart rhythm abnormalities in general practice: a randomised clinical trial. Fam Pract. 2005;22(5):478-84.

45. Mitro P, Szakács M, Bodnár J, et al. Diagnostic benefit of the use of implanted loop recorder (Reveal Plus) for patients with syncope with unclear aetiology. Vnitr Lek. 2007;53(11):1147-52.

46. Hoefman E, van Weert HC, Boer KR, et al. Optimal duration of event recording for diagnosis of arrhythmias in patients with palpitations and light-headedness in the general practice. Fam Pract. 2007;24(1):11-3.

47. Al Mehairi M, Al Ghamdi SA, Dagriri K, Al Fagih A. The importance of utilizing 24-h Holter monitoring as a non-invasive method of predicting the mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia. J Saudi Heart Assoc. 2011;23(4):241-3.

48. Paruchuri V, Adhaduk M, Garikipati NV, et al. Clinical utility of a novel wireless implantable loop recorder in the evaluation of patients with unexplained syncope. Heart Rhythm. 2011;8(6):858-63.

49. Salih H, Monsel F, Sergent J, Amara W. Long-term follow-up after implantable loop recorder in patients with syncope: results of a French general hospital survey. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris). 2012;61(5):331-7.

50. Kristjánsdóttir I, Reimarsdóttir G, Arnar DO. The usefullness of implantable loop recorders for evaluation of unexplained syncope and palpitations. Laeknabladid. 2012;98(9):465-8.

51. Lobodzinski SS. ECG patch monitors for assessment of cardiac rhythm abnormalities. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;56(2):224-9.

52. Barrett PM, Komatireddy R, Haaser S, et al. Comparison of 24-hour Holter monitoring with 14-day novel adhesive patch electrocardiographic monitoring. Am J Med. 2014;127(1):95. e11-e17.

53. Cheung CC, Kerr CR, Krahn AD. Comparing 14-day adhesive patch with 24-h Holter monitoring. Future Cardiol. 2014;10(3):319-22.

54. Epifanio HB, Katz M, Borges MA, et al. The use of external event monitoring (web-loop) in the elucidation of symptoms associated with arrhythmias in a general population. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2014;12(3):295-9.

55. Hendrikx T, Rosenqvist M, Wester P, et al. Intermittent short ECG recording is more effective than 24-hour Holter ECG in detection of arrhythmias. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2014;14:41.

56. Amara W, Sileu N, Salih H, et al. Long term results of implantable loop recorder in patients with syncope: results of a French survey. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris). 2014;63(5):327-30.

57. Solomon MD, Yang J, Sung SH, et al. Incidence and timing of potentially high-risk arrhythmias detected through long term continuous ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016;16:35.

58. Locati ET, Moya A, Oliveira M, et al. External prolonged electrocardiogram monitoring in unexplained syncope and palpitations: results of the SYNARR-Flash study. Europace. 2016;18(8):1265-72.

59. Glotzer TV, Hellkamp AS, Zimmerman J, et al. Atrial high-rate episodes detected by pacemaker diagnostics predict death and stroke: report of the Atrial Diagnostics Ancillary Study of the MOde Selection Trial (MOST). Circulation. 2003;107(12):1614-9.

60. Orlov MV, Ghali JK, Araghi-Niknam M, et al. Asymptomatic atrial fibrillation in pacemaker recipients: incidence, progression, and determinants based on the atrial high-rate trial. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2007;30(3):404-11.

61. Krishnamoorthy S, Khoo CW, Lim HS, Lip GY. Predictive value of atrial high-rate episodes for arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction in dual-chamber pacemaker patients. Eur J Clin Invest. 2014;44(1):13-21.

62. Benezet-Mazuecos J, Rubio JM, Farré J. Atrial high-rate episodes in patients with dualchamber cardiac implantable electronic devices: unmasking silent atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2014;37(8):1080-6.

63. Camm AJ, Simantirakis E, Goette A, et al. Atrial high-rate episodes and stroke prevention. Europace. 2017;19(2):169-79.

64. Bertaglia E, Blank B, Blomström-Lundqvist C, et al. Atrial high-rate episodes: prevalence, stroke risk, implications for management, and clinical gaps in evidence. Europace. 2019;21(10):1459-67.

65. Rinkenberger RL, Naccarelli GV, Berns E, Dougherty AH. Efficacy and safety of class IC antiarrhythmic agents for the treatment of coexisting supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol. 1988;62(6):44D-55D.

66. Chimienti M, Cullen MTJr, Casadei G. Safety of flecainide versus propafenone for the long-term management of symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Report from the Flecainide and Propafenone Italian Study (FAPIS) Group. Eur Heart J. 1995;16(12):1943-51.

67. Osswald S, Buser PT, Rickenbacher P, Pfisterer M. Supraventricular tachycardias: mechanism, diagnosis and therapy. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1996;126(22):974-85.

68. Colucci RA, Silver MJ, Shubrook J. Common types of supraventricular tachycardia: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2010;82(8):942-52.

69. Zimetbaum PJ, Josephson ME. The evolving role of ambulatory arrhythmia monitoring in general clinical practice. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130(10):848-56.

70. Brembilla-Perrot B, Olivier A, Villemin T, et al. Follow-up of children or teenagers with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, but without pre-excitation syndrome. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2017;110(11):599-606.

71. DeSimone CV, Naksuk N, Asirvatham SJ. Supraventricular Arrhythmias: Clinical Framework and Common Scenarios for the Internist. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018;93(12):1825-41.

72. Mahtani AU, Nair DG. Supraventricular Tachycardia. Med Clin North Am. 2019;103(5): 863-79.

73. Cai Q Shuraih M, Nagueh SF. The use of echocardiography in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;28(4):725-34.

74. Delelis F, Lacroix D, Richardson M, et al. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography for atrioventricular accessory pathways persistent ventricular pre-excitation despite successful radiofrequency ablation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;13(10):840-8.

75. Ueda A, Suman-Horduna I, Mantziari L, et al. Contemporary outcomes of supraventricular tachycardia ablation in congenital heart disease: a single-center experience in 116 patients. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2013;6(3):606-13.

76. Ezhumalai B, Satheesh S, Anantha A, et al. Coronary sinus diameter by echocardiography to differentiate atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia from atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia. Cardiol J. 2014;21(3):273-8.

77. Ishizu T, Seo Y, Igarashi M, et al. Noninvasive Localization of Accessory Pathways in WolffParkinson-White Syndrome by Three-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9(6):e004532. doi:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.116.004532.

78. Klehs S, Schneider HE, Backhoff D, et al. Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Atrial Tachycardias in Congenital Heart Disease: Results With Special Reference to Complexity of Underlying Anatomy. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2017;10(12):e005451. doi:10.1161/CIRCEP.117.005451.

79. Shaabani S, Sadeghian S, Hosseinsabet A. Evaluation of left ventricular longitudinal deformation in patients with and without ST segment depression during supraventricular tachycardia. J Clin Ultrasound. 2017;45(6):343-9.

80. Senturk SE, Icen YK, Koc AS, et al. Evaluation of coronary sinus morphology by threedimensional transthoracic echocardiography in patients undergoing electrophysiological study. J Arrhythm. 2018;34(6):626-31.

81. L’Italien K, Conlon S, Kertesz N, et al. Usefulness of Echocardiography in Children with New-Onset Supraventricular Tachycardia. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2018;31(10):1146-50.

82. Brady WJJr, DeBehnke DJ, Wickman LL, Lindbeck G. Treatment of out-of-hospital supraventricular tachycardia: adenosine vs verapamil. Acad Emerg Med. 1996;3(6):574-85.

83. Glatter KA, Cheng J, Dorostkar P, et al. Electrophysiologic effects of adenosine in patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Circulation. 1999;99(8):1034-40.

84. Delaney B, Loy J, Kelly AM. The relative efficacy of adenosine versus verapamil for the treatment of stable paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in adults: a meta-analysis. Eur J Emerg Med. 2011;18(3):148-52.

85. Ip JE, Cheung JW, Chung JH, et al. Adenosine-induced atrial fibrillation: insights into mechanism. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2013;6(3):e34-e37.

86. Li N, Csepe TA, Hansen BJ, et al. Adenosine-Induced Atrial Fibrillation: Localized Reentrant Drivers in Lateral Right Atria due to Heterogeneous Expression of Adenosine A1 Receptors and GIRK4 Subunits in the Human Heart. Circulation. 2016;134(6):486-98.

87. Turley AJ, Murray S, Thambyrajah J. Pre-excited atrial fibrillation triggered by intravenous adenosine: a commonly used drug with potentially life-threatening adverse effects. Emerg Med J. 2008;25(1):46-8.

88. Feigl D, Ravid M. Electrocardiographic observations on the termination of supraventricular tachycardia by verapamil. J Electrocardiol. 1979;12(2):129-36.

89. Molina L, Cárdenas M, Esquivel J. Supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardias with normal electrocardiogram in sinus rhythm. Arch Inst Cardiol Mex. 1984;54(2):187-97.

90. Sager PT, Bhandari AK. Narrow complex tachycardias. Differential diagnosis and management. Cardiol Clin. 1991;9(4):619-40.

91. Chapman EL, Strawn RM, Stewart BP. Differentiating between ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia in the clinical setting. Focus Crit Care. 1992;19(2):140-2,144-5.

92. Trappe HJ, Brandts B, Weismueller P. Arrhythmias in the intensive care patient. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2003;9(5):345-55.

93. Schumacher B, Spehl S, Langbein A, et al. Regular tachycardia with broad QRS complex: differential diagnosis on 12-lead ECG. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol. 2009;20(1):5-13.

94. Gupta PN, Kumar A, Namboodiri N, Balachandran A. What is this? VT versus SVT. BMJ Case Rep. 2013;2013:bcr2013200806. doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-200806.

95. Kaiser E, Darrieux FC, Barbosa SA, et al. Differential diagnosis of wide QRS tachycardias: comparison of two electrocardiographic algorithms. Europace. 2015;17(9):1422-7.

96. Chen Q, Xu J, Gianni C, et al. Simple Electrocardiogaphic Criteria for Rapid Identification of Wide QRS Complex Tachycardia: the new Limb Lead Algorithm. Heart Rhythm. 2020;17(3):431-8. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.09.021.

97. Roth A, Elkayam I, Shapira I, et al. Effectiveness of prehospital synchronous direct-current cardioversion for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias causing unstable hemodynamic states. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91(4):489-91.

98. Wittwer MR, Rajendran S, Kealley J, et al. A South Australian registry of biphasic cardioversions of atrial arrhythmias: efficacy and predictors of success. Heart Lung Circ. 2015;24(4):342-7.

99. Reisinger J, Gstrein C, Winter T, et al. Optimization of initial energy for cardioversion of atrial tachyarrhythmias with biphasic shocks. Am J Emerg Med. 2010;28(2):159-65.

100. Smith G, Taylor DM, Morgans A, Cameron P. Prehospital synchronized electrical cardioversion of a poorly perfused SVT patient by paramedics. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(3):301-4.

101. Smith GD, Fry MM, Taylor D, et al. Effectiveness of the Valsalva Manoeuvre for reversion of supraventricular tachycardia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(2):CD009502.

102. Smith G, Morgans A, Boyle M. Use of the Valsalva manoeuvre in the prehospital setting: a review of the literature. Emerg Med J. 2009;26(1):8-10.

103. Dougherty AH, Jackman WM, Naccarelli GV, et al. Acute conversion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with intravenous diltiazem. IV Diltiazem Study Group. Am J Cardiol. 1992;70(6):587-92.

104. Hood MA, Smith WM. Adenosine versus verapamil in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia: a randomized double-crossover trial. Am Heart J. 1992;123(6):1543-9.

105. Lim SH, Anantharaman V, Teo WS, Chan YH. Slow infusion of calcium channel blockers compared with intravenous adenosine in the emergency treatment of supraventricular tachycardia. Resuscitation. 2009;80(5):523-8.

106. Appelboam A, Reuben A, Mann C, et al. Postural modification to the standard Valsalva manoeuvre for emergency treatment of supraventricular tachycardias (REVERT): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386(10005):1747-53.

107. Gupta A, Naik A, Vora A, Lokhandwala Y. Comparison of efficacy of intravenous diltiazem and esmolol in terminating supraventricular tachycardia. J Assoc Physicians India. 1999;47(10):969-72.

108. Das G, Tschida V, Gray R, et al. Efficacy of esmolol in the treatment and transfer of patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias to alternate oral antiarrhythmic agents. J Clin Pharmacol. 1988;28(8):746-50.

109. Amsterdam EA, Kulcyski J, Ridgeway MG. Efficacy of cardioselective beta-adrenergic blockade with intravenously administered metoprolol in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;31(8):714-8.

110. Lim SH, Anantharaman V, Teo WS, et al. Comparison of Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia by Valsalva Maneuver and Carotid Sinus Massage. Ann Emerg Med. 1998;31(1):30-5.

111. Olasveengen TM, de Caen AR, Mancini ME, et al. 2017 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations Summary. Resuscitation. 2017;121:201-14.

112. Cairns CB, Niemann JT. Intravenous Adenosine in the Emergency Department Management of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20(7):717-21.

113. Camm AJ, Garratt CJ. Adenosine and supraventricular tachycardia. N Engl J Med. 1991;325(23):1621-9.

114. Ortiz M, Martín A, Arribas F, et al. PROCAMIO Study Investigators. Randomized comparison of intravenous procainamide vs. intravenous amiodarone for the acute treatment of tolerated wide QRS tachycardia: the PROCAMIO study. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(17):1329-35.

115. Ornato JP. Management of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Circulation. 1986;74(6 Pt 2):IV108-10.

116. Stewart RB, Bardy GH, Greene HL. Wide complex tachycardia: misdiagnosis and outcome after emergent therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104(6):766-71.

117. Buxton AE, Marchlinski FE, Doherty JU, et al. Hazards of intravenous verapamil for sustained ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59(12):1107-10.

118. Dancy M, Camm AJ, Ward D. Misdiagnosis of chronic recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Lancet. 1985;2(8450):320-3.

119. Chen SA, Chiang CE, Yang CJ, et al. Sustained atrial tachycardia in adult patients. Electrophysiological characteristics, pharmacological response, possible mechanisms, and effects of radiofrequency ablation. Circulation. 1994;90(3):1262-78.

120. Mehta AV, Sanchez GR, Sacks EJ, et al. Ectopic automatic atrial tachycardia in children: clinical characteristics, management and follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;11(2):379-85.

121. Bryson HM, Palmer KJ, Langtry HD, et al. Propafenone. A Reappraisal of Its Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Use in Cardiac Arrhythmias. Drugs. 1993;45(1):85-130.

122. Kishore AG, Camm AJ. Guidelines for the Use of Propafenone in Treating Supraventricular Arrhythmias. Drugs. 1995;50(2):250-62.

123. Vietti-Ramus G, Veglio F, Marchisio U, et al. Efficacy and safety of short intravenous amiodarone in supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Int J Cardiol. 1992;35(1):77-85.

124. Kastor JA. Multifocal atrial tachycardia. N Engl J Med. 1990;322(24):1713-7.

125. Salerno DM, Anderson B, Sharkey PJ, Iber C. Intravenous verapamil for treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia with and without calcium pretreatment. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107(5):623-8.

126. Arsura E, Lefkin AS, Scher DL, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of verapamil and metoprolol in treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia. Am J Med. 1988;85(4):519-24.

127. Юричева Ю.А., Соколов С.Ф., Голицын С.П. и др. Новый антиаритмический препарат III класса ниферидил, как эффективное средство восстановления синусового ритма при персистирующей форме мерцательной аритмии. Вестник аритмологии. 2012;70:32-43.

128. Миронов Н.Ю., Влодзяновский В.В., Юричева Ю.А. и др. Проспективное рандомизированное исследование эффективности и безопасности электрической и медикаментозной кардиоверсии при персистирующей фибрилляции предсердий. Часть 2: оценка безопасности. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии. 2018;14(6):826-30.

129. Миронов Н.Ю., Влодзяновский В.В., Юричева Ю.А. и др. Проспективное рандомизированное исследование эффективности и безопасности электрической и медикаментозной кардиоверсии при персистирующей фибрилляции предсердий. Часть 1: методология исследования и оценка эффективности. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии. 2018;14(5):664-9.

130. Stiell IG, Clement CM, Symington C, et al. Emergency department use of intravenous procainamide for patients with acute atrial fibrillation or flutter. Acad Emerg Med. 2007;14(12):1158-64.

131. Stiell IG, Clement CM, Perry JJ, et al. Association of the Ottawa Aggressive Protocol with rapid discharge of emergency department patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation or flutter. CJEM. 2010;12(3):181-91.

132. McComb JM, McGovern B, Garan H, Ruskin JN. Management of Refractory Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias Using Low-Energy Transcatheter Shocks. Am J Cardiol. 1986;58(10):959-63.

133. Mehmanesh H, Bauernschmitt R, Hagl S, Lange R. A New Concept for Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia After Heart Operations: Low Energy Internal Cardioversion Using a Temporary Atrial Electrode. Z Kardiol. 1999;88(6):434-41.

134. Peters RW, Shorofsky SR, Pelini M, et al. Overdrive atrial pacing for conversion of atrial flutter: comparison of postoperative with nonpostoperative patients. Am Heart J. 1999;137(1):100-3.

135. Mitchell AR, Spurrell PA, Cheatle L, Sulke N. Effect of atrial antitachycardia pacing treatments in patients with an atrial defibrillator: randomised study comparing subthreshold and nominal pacing outputs. Heart. 2002;87(5):433-7.

136. Rhodes LA, Walsh EP, Saul JP. Conversion of atrial flutter in pediatric patients by transesophageal atrial pacing: a safe, effective, minimally invasive procedure. Am Heart J. 1995;130(2):323-7.

137. Sun JL, Guo JH, Zhang N, et al. Clinical Comparison of Ibutilide and Propafenone for Converting Atrial Flutter. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2005;19(1):57-64.

138. Ellenbogen KA, Dias VC, Cardello FP, et al. Safety and efficacy of intravenous diltiazem in atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75(1):45-9.

139. Salerno DM, Dias VC, Kleiger RE, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous diltiazem for treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. The Diltiazem-Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter Study Group. Am J Cardiol. 1989;63(15):1046-51.

140. Platia EV, Michelson EL, Porterfield JK, Das G. Esmolol versus verapamil in the acute treatment of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol. 1989;63(13):925-9.

141. Ellenbogen KA, Dias VC, Plumb VJ, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of continuous intravenous diltiazem infusion for 24-hour heart rate control during atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: a multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;18(4):891-7.

142. Delle Karth G, Geppert A, Neunteufl T, et al. Amiodarone versus diltiazem for rate control in critically ill patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias. Crit Care Med. 2001;29(6):1149-53.

143. Clemo HF, Wood MA, Gilligan DM, Ellenbogen KA. Intravenous amiodarone for acute heart rate control in the critically ill patient with atrial tachyarrhythmias. Am J Cardiol. 1998;81(5):594-8.

144. Alboni P, Tomasi C, Menozzi C, et al. Efficacy and safety of out-of-hospital selfadministered single-dose oral drug treatment in the management of infrequent, welltolerated paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2001;37(2):548-53.

145. Ruder MA, Davis JC, Eldar M, et al. Clinical and electrophysiologic characterization of automatic junctional tachycardia in adults. Circulation. 1986;73(5):930-7.

146. Kumagai K, Yamato H, Yamanouchi Y, et al. Automatic junctional tachycardia in an adult. Clin Cardiol. 1990;13(11):813-6.

147. Sarubbi B, Musto B, Ducceschi V, et al. Congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia in children and adolescents: a 20 year experience based study. Heart. 2002;88(2):188-90.

148. Sellers TDJr, Campbell RW, Bashore TM, Gallagher JJ. Effects of procainamide and quinidine sulfate in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Circulation. 1977;55(1):15-22.

149. Ludmer PL, McGowan NE, Antman EM, Friedman PL. Efficacy of propafenone in WolffParkinson-White syndrome: electrophysiologic findings and long-term follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987;9(6):1357-63.

150. Sager PT, Bhandari AK. Wide Complex Tachycardias. Differential Diagnosis and Management. Cardiol Clin. 1991;9(4):595-618.

151. Wellens HJ, Brugada P, Abdollah H. Effect of amiodarone in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with or without Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Am Heart J. 1983;106(4 Pt 2):876-80.

152. Holt P, Crick JC, Davies DW, Curry P. Intravenous amiodarone in the acute termination of supraventricular arrhythmias. Int J Cardiol. 1985;8(1):67-79.

153. Lévy S, Ricard P. Using the right drug: a treatment algorithm for regular supraventricular tachycardias. Eur Heart J. 1997;18 Suppl C:C27-С32.

154. Kappenberger LJ, Fromer MA, Steinbrunn W, Shenasa M. Efficacy of amiodarone in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with rapid ventricular response via accessory pathway during atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 1984;54(3):330-5.

155. Brunner S, Herbel R, Drobesch C, et al. Alcohol consumption, sinus tachycardia, and cardiac arrhythmias at the Munich Octoberfest: results from the Munich Beer Related Electrocardiogram Workup Study (MunichBREW). Eur Heart J. 2017;38(27):2100-6.

156. Shen WK. How to manage patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia. Heart Rhythm. 2005;2(9):1015-9.

157. Klein I, Ojamaa K. Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(7):501-9.

158. Cappato R, Castelvecchio S, Ricci C, et al. Clinical efficacy of ivabradine in patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, doubleblind, crossover evaluation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(15):1323-9.

159. Ptaszynski P, Kaczmarek K, Ruta J, et al. Metoprolol succinate vs. ivabradine in the treatment of inappropriate sinus tachycardia in patients unresponsive to previous pharmacological therapy. Europace. 2013;15(1):116-21.

160. Benezet-Mazuecos J, Rubio JM, Farré J, et al. Long-term outcomes of ivabradine in inappropriate sinus tachycardia patients: appropriate efficacy or inappropriate patients. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2013;36(7):830-6.

161. Calò L, Rebecchi M, Sette A, et al. Efficacy of ivabradine administration in patients affected by inappropriate sinus tachycardia. Heart Rhythm. 2010;7(9):1318-23.

162. Dias da Silva VJ, Tobaldini E, Rocchetti M, et al. Modulation of sympathetic activity and heart rate variability by ivabradine. Cardiovasc Res. 2015;108(1):31-8.

163. Ptaszynski P, Kaczmarek K, Ruta J, et al. Ivabradine in combination with metoprolol succinate in the treatment of inappropriate sinus tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2013;18(4):338-44.

164. Gomes JA, Hariman RJ, Kang PS, Chowdry IH. Sustained symptomatic sinus node reentrant tachycardia: incidence, clinical significance, electrophysiologic observations and the effects of antiarrhythmic agents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;5(1):45-57.

165. Malik AK, Ching CK, Liew R, et al. Successful ablation of sinus node reentrant tachycardia using remote magnetic navigation system. Europace. 2012;14(3):455-6.

166. Cossú SF, Steinberg JS. Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias involving the sinus node: clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1998;41(1):51-63.

167. Sanders WEJr, Sorrentino RA, Greenfield RA, et al. Catheter ablation of sinoatrial node reentrant tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23(4):926-34.

168. Fu Q, Vangundy TB, Shibata S, et al. Exercise training versus propranolol in the treatment of the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Hypertension. 2011;58(2): 167-75.

169. Fu Q, Vangundy TB, Galbreath MM, et al. Cardiac origins of the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(25):2858-68.

170. Winker R, Barth A, Bidmon D, et al. Endurance exercise training in orthostatic intolerance: a randomized, controlled trial. Hypertension. 2005;45(3):391-8.

171. Jacob G, Shannon JR, Black B, et al. Effects of volume loading and pressor agents in idiopathic orthostatic tachycardia. Circulation. 1997;96(2):575-80.

172. Raj SR, Biaggioni I, Yamhure PC, et al. Renin-aldosterone paradox and perturbed blood volume regulation underlying postural tachycardia syndrome. Circulation. 2005;111(13):1574-82.

173. Raj SR, Black BK, Biaggioni I, et al. Propranolol decreases tachycardia and improves symptoms in the postural tachycardia syndrome: less is more. Circulation. 2009;120(9):725-34.

174. Kanjwal K, Karabin B, Sheikh M, et al. Pyridostigmine in the treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia: a single-center experience. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2011;34(6):750-5.

175. Raj SR, Black BK, Biaggioni I, et al. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition improves tachycardia in postural tachycardia syndrome. Circulation. 2005;111(21):2734-40.

176. McDonald C, Frith J, Newton JL. Single centre experience of ivabradine in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Europace. 2011;13(3):427-30.

177. Poutiainen AM, Koistinen MJ, Airaksinen KE, et al. Prevalence and natural course of ectopic atrial tachycardia. Eur Heart J. 1999;20(9):694-700.

178. Chiang CE, Chen SA, Wu TJ, et al. Incidence, significance, and pharmacological responses of catheter-induced mechanical trauma in patients receiving radiofrequency ablation for supraventricular tachycardia. Circulation. 1994;90(4):1847-54.

179. Anguera I, Brugada J, Roba M, et al. Outcomes after radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia. Am J Cardiol. 2001;87(7):886-90.

180. Biviano AB, Bain W, Whang W, et al. Focal left atrial tachycardias not associated with prior catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: clinical and electrophysiological characteristics. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2012;35(1):17-27.

181. Medi C, Kalman JM, Haqqani H, et al. Tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy secondary to focal atrial tachycardia: long-term outcome after catheter ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(19):1791-7.

182. Ouyang F, Ma J, Ho SY, et al. Focal atrial tachycardia originating from the non-coronary aortic sinus: electrophysiological characteristics and catheter ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48(1):122-31.

183. Heusch A, Kramer HH, Krogmann ON, et al. Clinical experience with propafenone for cardiac arrhythmias in the young. Eur Heart J. 1994;15(8):1050-6.

184. Meles E, Carbone C, Maggiolini S, et al. A case of atrial tachycardia treated with ivabradine as bridge to ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2015;26(5):565-8.

185. Bohora S, Lokhandwala Y, Parekh P, Vasavda A. Reversal of tachycardiomyopathy due to left atrial tachycardia by ivabradine. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2011;22(3):340-2.

186. Guccione P, Paul T, Garson AJr. Long-term follow-up of amiodarone therapy in the young: continued efficacy, unimpaired growth, moderate side effects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15(5):1118-24.

187. von Bernuth G, Engelhardt W, Kramer HH, et al. Atrial automatic tachycardia in infancy and childhood. Eur Heart J. 1992;13(10):1410-5.

188. Marchlinski FE, Miller JM. Atrial arrhythmias exacerbated by theophylline: response to verapamil and evidence for triggered activity in man. Chest. 1985;88(6):931-4.

189. Hazard PB, Burnett CR. Treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia with metoprolol. Crit Care Med. 1987;15(1):20-5.

190. Ueng KC, Lee SH, Wu DJ, et al. Radiofrequency catheter modification of atrioventricular junction in patients with COPD and medically refractory multifocal atrial tachycardia. Chest. 2000;117(1):52-9.

191. Natale A, Newby KH, Pisanó E, et al. Prospective randomized comparison of antiarrhythmic therapy versus first-line radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial flutter. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35(7):1898-904.

192. Da Costa A, Thévenin J, Roche F, et al. Results from the Loire-Ardèche-Drôme-IsèrePuy-de-Dôme (LADIP) trial on atrial flutter, a multicentric prospective randomized study comparing amiodarone and radiofrequency ablation after the first episode of symptomatic atrial flutter. Circulation. 2006;114(16):1676-81.

193. Satomi K, Chun KR, Tilz R, et al. Catheter ablation of multiple unstable macroreentrant tachycardia within the right atrium free wall in patients without previous cardiac surgery. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2010;3(1):24-31.

194. Stevenson IH, Kistler PM, Spence SJ, et al. Scar-related right atrial macroreentrant tachycardia in patients without prior atrial surgery: electroanatomic characterization and ablation outcome. Heart Rhythm. 2005;2(6):594-601.

195. Jaïs P, Shah DC, Haïssaguerre M, et al. Mapping and ablation of left atrial flutters. Circulation. 2000;101(25):2928-34.

196. Kall JG, Rubenstein DS, Kopp DE, et al. Atypical atrial flutter originating in the right atrial free wall. Circulation. 2000;101(3):270-9.

197. Nakagawa H, Shah N, Matsudaira K, et al. Characterization of reentrant circuit in macroreentrant right atrial tachycardia after surgical repair of congenital heart disease: isolated channels between scars allow “focal” ablation. Circulation. 2001;103(5):699-709.

198. Ouyang F, Ernst S, Vogtmann T, et al. Characterization of reentrant circuits in left atrial macroreentrant tachycardia: critical isthmus block can prevent atrial tachycardia recurrence. Circulation. 2002;105(16):1934-42.

199. Tai CT, Huang JL, Lin YK, et al. Noncontact three-dimensional mapping and ablation of upper loop re-entry originating in the right atrium. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40(4):746-53.

200. Luchsinger JA, Steinberg JS. Resolution of cardiomyopathy after ablation of atrial flutter. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32(1):205-10.

201. Blackshear JL, Stambler BS, Strauss WE, et al. Control of heart rate during transition from intravenous to oral diltiazem in atrial fibrillation or flutter. Am J Cardiol. 1996;78(11):1246-50.

202. Sohinki D, Ho J, Srinivasan N, et al. Outcomes after atrioventricular node ablation and biventricular pacing in patients with refractory atrial fibrillation and heart failure: a comparison between non-ischaemic and ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Europace. 2014;16(6):880-6.

203. Stavrakis S, Garabelli P, Reynolds DW, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy after atrioventricular junction ablation for symptomatic atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. Europace. 2012;14(10):1490-7.

204. Brignole M, Botto G, Mont L, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients undergoing atrioventricular junction ablation for permanent atrial fibrillation: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(19):2420-9.

205. Chen YL, Lin YS, Wang HT, et al. Clinical outcomes of solitary atrial flutter patients using anticoagulation therapy: a national cohort study. Europace. 2019;21(2):313-21.

206. Wood KA, Eisenberg SJ, Kalman JM, et al. Risk of thromboembolism in chronic atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79(8):1043-7.

207. Seidl K, Hauer B, Schwick NG, et al. Risk of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82(5):580-3.

208. Ghali WA, Wasil BI, Brant R, et al. Atrial flutter and the risk of thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2005;118(2):101-7.

209. Vadmann H, Nielsen PB, Hjortshøj SP, et al. Atrial flutter and thromboembolic risk: a systematic review. Heart. 2015;101(18):1446-55.

210. Lin YS, Chen YL, Chen TH, et al. Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation or Atrial Flutter Stratified by CHA2DS2-VASc Score. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(4):e180941.

211. Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Europace. 2016;18(11):1609-78.

212. Katritsis DG, Zografos T, Siontis KC, et al. Endpoints for Successful Slow Pathway Catheter Ablation in Typical and Atypical Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia: A Contemporary, Multicenter Study. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2019;5(1):113-9.

213. Katritsis DG, Zografos T, Katritsis GD, et al. Catheter ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drug therapy in patients with symptomatic atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia: a randomized, controlled trial. Europace. 2017;19(4):602-6.

214. Katritsis DG, John RM, Latchamsetty R, et al. Left Septal Slow Pathway Ablation for Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2018;11(3):e005907.

215. Katritsis DG, Marine JE, Contreras FM, et al. Catheter Ablation of Atypical Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia. Circulation. 2016;134(21):1655-63.

216. Stavrakis S, Jackman WM, Lockwood D, et al. Slow/Fast Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia Using the Inferolateral Left Atrial Slow Pathway. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2018;11(9):e006631.

217. Rinkenberger RL, Prystowsky EN, Heger JJ, et al. Effects of intravenous and chronic oral verapamil administration in patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Circulation. 1980;62(5):996-1010.

218. Winniford MD, Fulton KL, Hillis LD. Long-term therapy of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: a randomized, double-blind comparison of digoxin, propranolol and verapamil. Am J Cardiol. 1984;54(8):1138-9.

219. Sanatani S, Potts JE, Reed JH, et al. The Study of Antiarrhythmic Medications in Infancy (SAMIS): A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Digoxin Versus Propranolol for Prophylaxis of Supraventricular Tachycardia in Infants. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2012;5(5):984-91.

220. D’Este D, Zoppo F, Bertaglia E, et al. Long-term outcome of patients with atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia. Int J Cardiol. 2007;115(3):350-3.

221. Paul T, Reimer A, Janousek J, Kallfelz HC. Efficacy and safety of propafenone in congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20(4):911-4.

222. Hamdan M, Van Hare GF, Fisher W, et al. Selective catheter ablation of the tachycardia focus in patients with nonreentrant junctional tachycardia. Am J Cardiol. 1996;78(11):1292-7.

223. Hamdan MH, Badhwar N, Scheinman MM, et al. Role of invasive electrophysiologic testing in the evaluation and management of adult patients with focal junctional tachycardia. Card Electrophysiol Rev. 2002;6(4):431-5.

224. Dieks JK, Klehs S, Müller MJ, et al. Adjunctive ivabradine in combination with amiodarone: A novel therapy for pediatric congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13(6):1297-302.

225. Jackman WM, Wang XZ, Friday KJ, et al. Catheter ablation of accessory atrioventricular pathways (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) by radiofrequency current. N Engl J Med. 1991;324(23):1605-11.

226. Katritsis D, Bashir Y, Heald S, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of accessory pathways: implications of accumulated experience and time dedicated to procedures. Eur Heart J. 1994;15(3):339-44.

227. Schlüter M, Geiger M, Siebels J, et al. Catheter ablation using radiofrequency current to cure symptomatic patients with tachyarrhythmias related to an accessory atrioventricular pathway. Circulation. 1991;84(4):1644-61.

228. Bravo L, Atienza F, Eidelman G, et al. Safety and efficacy of cryoablation vs. radiofrequency ablation of septal accessory pathways: systematic review of the literature and metaanalyses. Europace. 2018;20(8):1334-42.

229. Pappone C, Vicedomini G, Manguso F, et al. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in the era of catheter ablation: insights from a registry study of 2169 patients. Circulation. 2014;130(10):811-9.

230. Xue Y, Zhan X, Wu S, et al. Experimental, Pathologic, and Clinical Findings of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Para-Hisian Region From the Right Ventricle in Dogs and Humans. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2017;10(6):e005207.

231. Katritsis D, Giazitzoglou E, Korovesis S, Zambartas C. Comparison of the transseptal approach to the transaortic approach for ablation of left-sided accessory pathways in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91(5):610-3.

232. Mauritson DR, Winniford MD, Walker WS, et al. Oral verapamil for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: a long-term, double-blind randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96(4):409-12.

233. Sakurai M, Yasuda H, Kato N, et al. Acute and chronic effects of verapamil in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Am Heart J. 1983;105(4):619-28.

234. Vassiliadis I, Papoutsakis P, Kallikazaros I, Stefanadis C. Propafenone in the prevention of non-ventricular arrhythmias associated with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Int J Cardiol. 1990;27(1):63-70.

235. Morady F, DiCarlo LAJr, Baerman JM, De Buitleir M. Effect of propranolol on ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1987;10(3 Pt 1):492-6.

236. Boriani G, Biffi M, Frabetti L, et al. Ventricular fibrillation after intravenous amiodarone in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J. 1996;131(6):1214-6.

237. Schützenberger W, Leisch F, Gmeiner R. Enhanced accessory pathway conduction following intravenous amiodarone in atrial fibrillation. A case report. Int J Cardiol. 1987;16(1):93-5.

238. Tijunelis MA, Herbert ME. Myth: Intravenous amiodarone is safe in patients with atrial fibrillation and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in the emergency department. CJEM. 2005;7(4):262-5.

239. Opie LH. Calcium Channel Antagonists. Part III: Use and Comparative Efficacy in Hypertension and Supraventricular Arrhythmias. Minor Indications. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1988;1(6):625-56.

240. Pujol C, Niesert AC, Engelhardt A, et al. Usefulness of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Adult Congenital Heart Disease. Am J Cardiol. 2016;117(3):450-5.

241. Lin JH, Kean AC, Cordes TM. The Risk of Thromboembolic Complications in Fontan Patients with Atrial Flutter/Fibrillation Treated with Electrical Cardioversion. Pediatr Cardiol. 2016;37(7):1351-60.

242. Ammash NM, Phillips SD, Hodge DO, et al. Outcome of direct current cardioversion for atrial arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol. 2012;154(3):270-4.

243. Scaglione M, Caponi D, Ebrille E, et al. Very long-term results of electroanatomic-guided radiofrequency ablation of atrial arrhythmias in patients with surgically corrected atrial septal defect. Europace. 2014;16(12):1800-7.

244. Wu J, Deisenhofer I, Ammar S, et al. Acute and long-term outcome after catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia in patients after the Mustard or Senning operation for D-transposition of the great arteries. Europace. 2013;15(6):886-91.

245. Roten L, Lukac P, DE Groot N, et al. Catheter ablation of arrhythmias in ebstein’s anomaly: a multicenter study. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2011;22(12):1391-6.

246. Barton AL, Moffett BS, Valdes SO, et al. Efficacy and Safety of High-Dose Propranolol for the Management of Infant Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias. J Pediatr. 2015;166(1):115-8.

247. Deal BJ, Mavroudis C. Arrhythmia Surgery for Adults with Congenital Heart Disease. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2017;9(2):329-40.

248. Shivapour JK, Sherwin ED, Alexander ME, et al. Utility of preoperative electrophysiologic studies in patients with Ebstein’s anomaly undergoing the Cone procedure. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11(2):182-6.

249. Deal BJ, Mavroudis C, Backer CL, et al. Comparison of anatomic isthmus block with the modified right atrial maze procedure for late atrial tachycardia in Fontan patients. Circulation. 2002;106(5):575-9.

250. Koyak Z, Kroon B, de Groot JR, et al. Efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs in adults with congenital heart disease and supraventricular tachycardias. Am J Cardiol. 2013;112(9):1461-7.

251. Coughtrie AL, Behr ER, Layton D, et al. Drugs and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia risk: results from the DARE study cohort. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e016627.

252. Guccione P, Drago F, Di Donato RM, et al. Oral Propafenone Therapy for Children With Arrhythmias: Efficacy and Adverse Effects in Midterm Follow-Up. Am Heart J. 1991;122(4 Pt 1):1022-7.

253. Driver K, Chisholm CA, Darby AE, et al. Catheter ablation of arrhythmia during pregnancy. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2015;26(6):698-702.

254. Chen G, Sun G, Xu R, et al. Zero-fluoroscopy catheter ablation of severe drug-resistant arrhythmia guided by Ensite NavX system during pregnancy: two case reports and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(32):e4487.

255. Szumowski L, Szufladowicz E, Orczykowski M, et al. Ablation of severe drug-resistant tachyarrhythmia during pregnancy. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2010;21(8):877-82.

256. Moore JS, Teefey P, Rao K, et al. Maternal arrhythmia: a case report and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2012;67(5):298-312.

257. Wang YC, Chen CH, Su HY, Yu MH. The impact of maternal cardioversion on fetal haemodynamics. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2006;126(2):268-9.

258. Elkayam U, Goodwin TM. Adenosine therapy for supraventricular tachycardia during pregnancy. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75(7):521-3.

259. Ghosh N, Luk A, Derzko C, et al. The acute treatment of maternal supraventricular tachycardias during pregnancy: a review of the literature. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2011;33(1):17-23.

260. Halpern DG, Weinberg CR, Pinnelas R, et al. Use of Medication for Cardiovascular Disease During Pregnancy: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(4):457-6.

261. Liu YL, Nwosu UC, Rice PJ. Relaxation of isolated human myometrial muscle by beta2-adrenergic receptors but not beta1-adrenergic receptors. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;179(4):895-8.

262. Tanaka K, Tanaka H, Kamiya C, et al. Beta-Blockers and Fetal Growth Restriction in Pregnant Women With Cardiovascular Disease. Circ J. 2016;80(10):2221-6.

263. Bateman BT, Heide-Jørgensen U, Einarsdóttir K, et al. β-Blocker Use in Pregnancy and the Risk for Congenital Malformations: An International Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(10):665-73.

264. Regitz-Zagrosek V, Roos-Hesselink JW, Bauersachs J, et al. 2018 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Eur Heart J. 2018:39(34):3165-241.

265. Raman AS, Sharma S, Hariharan R. Minimal Use of Fluoroscopy to Reduce Fetal Radiation Exposure During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Maternal Supraventricular Tachycardia. Tex Heart Inst J. 2015;42(2):152-4.

266. Bathina MN, Mickelsen S, Brooks C, et al. Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Versus Medical Therapy for Initial Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia and Its Impact on Quality of Life and Healthcare Costs. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82(5):589-93.

267. Papiashvili G, Tabagari-Bregvadze N, Brugada J. Impact of radiofrequency catheter ablation on health-related quality of life assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Georgian Med News. 2018 eb;(Issue):54-7.

268. Suzuki S, Sagara K, Otsuka T, et al. Usefulness of frequent supraventricular extrasystoles and a high CHADS2 score to predict first-time appearance of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2013;111(11):1602-7.

269. Dewland TA, Vittinghoff E, Mandyam MC, et al. Atrial ectopy as a predictor of incident atrial fibrillation: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(11):721-8.

270. Gladstone DJ, Dorian P, Spring M, et al. Atrial premature beats predict atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke: results from the EMBRACE trial. Stroke. 2015;46(4):936-41.

271. Lishmanov A, Chockalingam P, Senthilkumar A, Chockalingam A. Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy: evaluation and therapeutic options. Congest Heart Fail. 2010;16(3):122-6.

272. Mueller KAL, Heinzmann D, Klingel K, et al. Histopathological and Immunological Characteristics of Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(17):2160-72.

273. Huizar JF, Ellenbogen KA, Tan AY, Kaszala K. Arrhythmia-Induced Cardiomyopathy: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(18):2328-44.

274. Gupta S, Figueredo VM. Tachycardia mediated cardiomyopathy: pathophysiology, mechanisms, clinical features and management. Int J Cardiol. 2014;172(1):40-6.

275. Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(27):2129-220.

276. Kotecha D, Flather MD, Altman DG, et al. Heart Rate and Rhythm and the Benefit of BetaBlockers in Patients With Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(24):2885-96.

277. Pappone C, Santinelli V, Rosanio S, et al. Usefulness of invasive electrophysiologic testing to stratify the risk of arrhythmic events in asymptomatic patients with Wolff-ParkinsonWhite pattern: results from a large prospective long-term follow-up study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(2):239-44.

278. Pappone C, Santinelli V. Should catheter ablation be performed in asymptomatic patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome? Catheter ablation should be performed in asymptomatic patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Circulation. 2005;112(14):2207-15.

279. Santinelli V, Radinovic A, Manguso F, et al. Asymptomatic ventricular preexcitation: a longterm prospective follow-up study of 293 adult patients. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2009;2(2):102-7.

280. Pappone C, Vicedomini G, Manguso F, et al. Risk of malignant arrhythmias in initially symptomatic patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: results of a prospective longterm electrophysiological follow-up study. Circulation. 2012;125(5):661-8.

281. Pappone C, Santinelli V, Manguso F, et al. A randomized study of prophylactic catheter ablation in asymptomatic patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(19):1803-11.

282. Al-Khatib SM, Arshad A, Balk EM, et al. Risk Stratification for Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Asymptomatic Pre-Excitation: A Systematic Review for the 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(13):1624-38.

283. Pappone C, Manguso F, Santinelli R, et al. Radiofrequency ablation in children with asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(12):1197-205.

284. Kubuš P, Vít P, Gebauer RA, et al. Electrophysiologic profile and results of invasive risk stratification in asymptomatic children and adolescents with the Wolff-Parkinson-White electrocardiographic pattern. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2014;7(2):218-23.

285. Satoh M, Aizawa Y, Funazaki T, et al. Electrophysiologic evaluation of asymptomatic patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1989;12(3):413-20.

286. Klein GJ, Yee R, Sharma AD. Longitudinal electrophysiologic assessment of asymptomatic patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White electrocardiographic pattern. N Engl J Med. 1989;320(19):1229-33.

287. Calkins H, Yong P, Miller JM, et al. Catheter ablation of accessory pathways, atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, and the atrioventricular junction: final results of a prospective, multicenter clinical trial. The Atakr Multicenter Investigators Group. Circulation. 1999;99(2):262-70.

288. Belhassen B, Rogowski O, Glick A, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of accessory pathways: a 14 year experience at the Tel Aviv Medical Center in 508 patients. Isr Med Assoc J. 2007;9(4):265-70.

289. Sharma AD, Yee R, Guiraudon G, Klein GJ. Sensitivity and specificity of invasive and noninvasive testing for risk of sudden death in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987;10(2):373-81.

290. Gaita F, Giustetto C, Riccardi R, et al. Stress and pharmacologic tests as methods to identify patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome at risk of sudden death. Am J Cardiol. 1989;64(8):487-90.

291. Spar DS, Silver ES, Hordof AJ, Liberman L. Relation of the utility of exercise testing for risk assessment in pediatric patients with ventricular preexcitation to pathway location. Am J Cardiol. 2012;109(7):1011-4.

292. Wackel P, Irving C, Webber S, et al. Risk stratification in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: the correlation between noninvasive and invasive testing in pediatric patients. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2012;35(12):1451-7.

293. Daubert C, Ollitrault J, Descaves C, et al. Failure of the exercise test to predict the anterograde refractory period of the accessory pathway in Wolff Parkinson White syndrome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1988;11(8):1130-8.

294. Jastrzębski M, Kukla P, Pitak M, et al. Intermittent preexcitation indicates “a low-risk” accessory pathway: Time for a paradigm shift? Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2017;22(6):e12464.

295. Gemma LW, Steinberg LA, Prystowsky EN, Padanilam BJ. Development of rapid preexcited ventricular response to atrial fibrillation in a patient with intermittent preexcitation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2013;24(3):347-50.

296. Kiger ME, McCanta AC, Tong S, et al. Intermittent Versus Persistent Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome in Children: Electrophysiologic Properties and Clinical Outcomes. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2016;39(1):14-20.

297. Cohen M. Intermittent Preexcitation: Should We Rethink the Current Guidelines? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2016;39(1):9-11.

298. Mah DY, Sherwin ED, Alexander ME, et al. The Electrophysiological Characteristics of Accessory Pathways in Pediatric Patients With Intermittent Preexcitation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2013;36(9):1117-22.

299. Etheridge SP, Escudero CA, Blaufox AD, et al. Life-Threatening Event Risk in Children With Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: A Multicenter International Study. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;4(4):433-44.

300. Santinelli V, Radinovic A, Manguso F, et al. The natural history of asymptomatic ventricular pre-excitation a long-term prospective follow-up study of 184 asymptomatic children. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(3):275-80.

301. Spector P, Reynolds MR, Calkins H, et al. Meta-analysis of ablation of atrial flutter and supraventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol. 2009;104(5):671-7.

302. Bunch TJ, May HT, Bair TL, et al. Long-Term Natural History of Adult Wolff-ParkinsonWhite Syndrome Patients Treated With and Without Catheter Ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2015;8(6):1465-71.

303. Telishevska M, Hebe J, Paul T, et al. Catheter ablation in ASymptomatic PEDiatric patients with ventricular preexcitation: results from the multicenter “CASPED” study. Clin Res Cardiol. 2019;108(6):683-90.

304. Dai C, Guo B, Li W, et al. The effect of ventricular pre-excitation on ventricular wall motion and left ventricular systolic function. Europace. 2018;20(7):1175-81.

305. Kohli U, Pumphrey KL, Ahmed A, Das S. Pre-excitation Induced Ventricular Dysfunction and Successful Berlin Heart Explantation After Accessory Pathway Ablation. J Electrocardiol. 2018;51(6):1067-70.

306. Nagai T, Hamabe A, Arakawa J, et al. The Impact of Left Ventricular Deformation and Dyssynchrony on Improvement of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Following Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: A Comprehensive Study by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography. Echocardiography. 2017;34(11):1610-6.

307. Kwon EN, Carter KA, Kanter RJ. Radiofrequency catheter ablation for dyssynchronyinduced dilated cardiomyopathy in an infant. Congenit Heart Dis. 2014;9(6):E179-Е184.

308. Brembilla-Perrot B, Holban I, Houriez P, et al. Influence of age on the potential risk of sudden death in asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2001;24(10):1514-8.

309. Приказ Минздрава РФ от 20 июня 2013 г. N 388н “Об утверждении порядка оказания скорой, в том числе скорой специализированной медицинской помощи” (Зарегистрировано в Минюсте России 16.08.2013 N 29422) п. 4,5,6

310. Приказ Минздрава России от 10.05.2017 N 203н “Об утверждении критериев оценки качества медицинской помощи” (Зарегистрировано в Минюсте России 17.05.2017 N 46740) п. 2.2. “Критерии качества в стационарных условиях и в условиях дневного стационара”.

311. Приказ Министерства Здравоохранения РФ от 22 февраля 2019 г. N 89н “О внесении изменений в порядок оказания медицинской помощи больным с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, утвержденный приказом министерства здравоохранения РФ” от 15 ноября 2012 г. N 918н.

312. Приказ Министерства здравоохранения и социального развития Российской Федерации от 23 апреля 2009 г. N 210н (зарегистрирован Министерством юстиции Российской Федерации 5 июня 2009 г., регистрационный N 14032), с изменениями, внесенными приказом Министерства здравоохранения и социального развития Российской Федерации от 9 февраля 2011 г. N 94н (зарегистрирован Министерством юстиции Российской Федерации 16 марта 2011 г., регистрационный N 20144), по профилю “кардиология”, “сердечно-сосудистая хирургия”.

313. Приказ Министерства здравоохранения РФ от 15 ноября 2012 г. N 918н “Об утверждении Порядка оказания медицинской помощи больным с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями” (с изменениями и дополнениями) п. 23-29.

314. Ревишвили А.Ш., Бойцов С.А., Давтян К.В. и др. Клинические рекомендации по проведению электрофизиологических исследований, катетерной абляции и применению имплантируемых антиаритмических устройств. Москва, 2017. 702 с.

315. Avanzas P, Arroyo-Espliguero R, Cosín-Sales J, et al. Multiple complex stenoses, high neutrophil count and C-reactive protein levels in patients with chronic stable angina. Atherosclerosis. 2004;75(1):151-7.

316. Morici N, Cantoni S, Soriano F, et al. Relevance of complete blood count parameters in the assessment of acute coronary syndromes: a combined hematological and cardiological perspective. G Ital Cardiol (Rome). 2019;20(12):694-705.

317. Núñez J, Miñana G, Bodí V, et al. Low lymphocyte count and cardiovascular diseases. Curr Med Chem. 2011;18(21):3226-33.

318. Bonaque JC, Pascual-Figal DA, Manzano-Fernández S, et al. Red blood cell distribution width adds prognostic value for outpatients with chronic heart failure. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2012;65(7):606-12.

319. Suh S, Cho YR, Park MK, et al. Relationship between serum bilirubin levels and cardiovascular disease. PLoS One. 2018;15;13(2):e0193041.

320. Kunutsor SK, Bakker SJL, Gansevoort RT, et al. Circulating total bilirubin and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in the general population. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2015;35(3):716-24.

321. Sibilitz KL, Benn M, Nordestgaard BG. Creatinine, eGFR and association with myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease and early death in the general population. Atherosclerosis. 2014;237(1):67-75.

322. Schmidt M, Mansfield KE, Bhaskaran K. Serum creatinine elevation after renin-angiotensin system blockade and long term cardiorenal risks: cohort study. BMJ. 2017;9;356:j791.

323. Zamora E, Lupón J, Urrutia A. Estimated creatinine clearance: a determinant prognostic factor in heart failure. Med Clin (Barc). 2008:14;131(2):47-51.

324. Xue JL, Frazier ET, Herzog CA, Collins AJ. Association of heart disease with diabetes and hypertension in patients with ESRD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005:45(2):316-23.

325. Zhang Q-L, Brenner H, Koenig W, Rothenbacher D. Prognostic value of chronic kidney disease in patients with coronary heart disease: role of estimating equations. Atherosclerosis. 2010;211(1):342-7.

326. Dobre D, Rossignol P, Metra M, Zannad F. Can we prevent or treat renal dysfunction in chronic heart failure? Heart Fail Rev. 2012;17(2):283-90.

327. Gai J-J, Gai L-Y, Liu H-B, et al. Correlation of heart and kidney biomarkers to the pathogenesis of cardiorenal syndrome. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2010;30(5):1122-6.

328. Colwell L, Quinn L. Glycemic control and heart disease. Nurs Clin North Am. 2001;36(2):321- 31, vii-viii.

329. Alexander CM, Landsman PB, Teutsch SM. Diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, atherosclerotic risk factors, and prevalence of coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2000;1;86(9):897-902.

330. Kadowaki S, Okamura T, Hozawa A. Relationship of elevated casual blood glucose level with coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in a representative sample of the Japanese population. NIPPON DATA80. Diabetologia. 2008;51(4):575-82.

331. Ewid M, Sherif H, Allihimy AS, et al. AST/ALT ratio predicts the functional severity of chronic heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. BMC Res Notes. 2020;24;13(1):178.

332. Lazo M, Rubin J, Clark JM, et al. The association of liver enzymes with biomarkers of subclinical myocardial damage and structural heart disease. J Hepatol. 2015;62(4):841-7.

333. Goncalvesova E, Kovacova M. Heart failure affects liver morphology and function. What are the clinical implications? Bratisl Lek Listy. 2018;119(2):98-102.

334. Saely CH, Vonbank A, Rein P, et al. Alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase are associated with the metabolic syndrome but not with angiographically determined coronary atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta. 2008;397(1-2):82-6.

335. Pilarczyk K, Carstens H, Heckmann J, et al. The aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase (DeRitis) ratio predicts mid-term mortality and renal and respiratory dysfunction after left ventricular assist device implantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2017;1;52(4):781-8.

336. Nishimura M, Nakayama K, Ishikawa Y. Cardiac arrhythmias caused by electrolyte imbalance. Nihon Rinsho. 1996;54(8):2207-12.

337. Mak WW, Nurazni RAR, Badrulnizam LBM. Severe hypothyroidism presenting with supraventricular tachycardia. Med J Malaysia. 2018;73(5):349-50.

338. Hadidy S, Issa F, Hourani N. Supraventricular arrhythmias and the relation to thyroid dysfunction in a group of Syrian patients. Trop Geogr Med. 1986;38(2):158-61.