Статья
Терапия внеклеточными везикулами: возможности, механизмы и перспективы применения
Внеклеточные везикулы – биологические мембранные объекты, имеющие размеры менее 1000 нм, транспортирующие многие биологически активные молекулы (белки, микроРНК, мРНК, ДНК и т.д.), а также способные выполнять многие биологические функции и обеспечивать межклеточные взаимодействия. В настоящее время активно изучаются возможности их терапевтического применения при различных патологических состояниях и заболеваниях. В большинстве случаев в качестве клеточного источника внеклеточных везикул рассматриваются мезенхимальные стволовые клетки, а реализуемые терапевтические эффекты связывают с переносимыми микроРНК. В in vitro исследованиях показано, что внутриклеточные везикулы могут стимулировать регенерацию и ангиогенез, оказывать противовоспалительное, противоапоптотическое действие. Проводимые исследования, рассмотренные и структурированные нами в данном обзоре, демонстируют перспективы клинического применения внеклеточных везикул в терапии таких патологических состояний как окислительный стресс, ишемическое и реперфузионное повреждение тканей и органов, опухолевый рост и т.д.
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