Статья
Профилактика инсульта при неклапанной фибрилляции предсердий: как сделать правильный выбор прямых пероральных антикоагулянтов?
Пациенты с фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП) имеют высокий риск развития инсульта и смерти, что требует постоянной антикоагулянтной поддержки. В связи с этим перед врачом стоит сложная задача выбора подходящего орального антикоагулянта для конкретного пациента с определенным клиническим профилем и индивидуальным набором факторов риска и сопутствующей патологией. В настоящее время в РФ зарегистрированы три пероральных не-витамин-К-зависимых, или прямых пероральных антикоагулянта, которые в крупных рандомизированных клинических исследованиях сравнивались с варфарином в профилактике инсульта и системной эмболии. В настоящей статье проанализированы данные рандомизированных контролируемых исследований, постмаркетинговых исследований с оральными антикоагулянтами и представлены группы пациентов, для которых тот или иной препарат носит предпочтительный характер. Обсуждается выбор оральных антикоагулянтов для профилактики инсульта в следующих подгруппах пациентов с ФП: пациенты с одним фактором риска инсульта (CHA2DS2VASc 1 у мужчин или 2 у женщин), пациенты различных возрастных групп, пациенты с сопутствующей ишемической болезнью сердца/острым коронарным синдромом, пациенты с инсультом в анамнезе, пациенты с хронической болезнью почек, в том числе, на диализе, пациенты с высоким потенциалом геморрагических осложнений со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта, а также коморбидные больные с артериальной гипертензией и хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Анализируются данные об эффективности и безопасности пероральных не витамин К-зависимых или прямых пероральных антикоагулянтов перед антагонистами витамина К у больных с неклапанной ФП.
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