1. Shen W, Sheldon RS, Benditt DG, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the evaluation and man-agement of patients with syncope. JACC. 2017;70(5):e39-e110. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.003.
2. Ganzeboom KS, Mairuhu G, Reitsma JB, et al. Lifetime cumulative incidence of syncope in the general population: a study of 549 Dutch subjects aged 35-60 years. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2006;17(11):1172-76. DOI:10.1111/j.1540-8167.2006.00595.x.
3. Chen LY, Shen WK, Mahoney DW, et al. Prevalence of syncope in a population aged more than 45 years.Am. J. Med. 2006;119(12):1088.e1-7. DOI:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.01.029.
4. Kenny R.A., Brignole M., Dan G.A., et al. Syncope Unit: rationale and requirement-the European Heart Rhythm Association position statementendorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Europace. 2015;17:1325-40. DOI:10.1093/europace/euv115.
5. ПевзнерА.В., КучинскаяЕ.А. Вазова-гальныеобмороки. В кн.: Чазов И.Е., Голицын С.П., редакторы. Руководство по нарушениям ритма сердца. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2008: с. 223-44). ISBN: 978-5-9704-1643-3.
6. Brignole M, Menozzi C, Del Rosso A, et al. New classification of haemodynamics of vasovagal syncope: beyond the VASIS classification. Europace. 2000;2:66-76. DOI:10.1053/eupc.1999.0064.
7. Brignole M, Moya A, de Lange F, et al. 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:1-69. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy037.
8. Benditt DG, Ferguson DW, Grub BP, et al. Tilt table testing for assessing syncope. American college of cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28:263-75. DOI:10.1016/0735-1097(96)00236-7.
9. Певзнер А.В., Кучинская Е.А., Вершута Е.В. и др. Возможности длительной ортостатической и велоэргометрической проб при дифференциальной диагностике синкопальных состояний не-ясного генеза. Терапевтический Архив. 2004;11:23-7].
10. Krahn A, Klein G, Yee R, et al. Randomized Assessment of Syncope Trial. Conventional Diagnostic Testing Versus a Prolonged Monitoring Strategy. Circulation. 2001;104:46. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.104.1.46.
11. Farwell D, Freemantle N, Sulke A. Use of implantable loop recorders in the diagnosis and management of syncope. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(14):1257-63. DOI:10.1016/j.ehj.2004.03.010.
12. Brignole M, Vardas P, Hoffman E, et al. Indications for the use of diagnostic implantable and external ECG loop recorders. Europace. 2009;11:671-87. DOI:10.1093/europace/eup097.
13. Moya A, Brignole M, Menozzi C, et al. on behalf of the International Study on Syncope ofUncertain Etiology (ISSUE) Investigators. Mechanism of syncope in patients with isolated syncope and in patients with tilt positive syncope. Circulation. 2001;104:1261-67. DOI:10.1161/hc3601.095708.
14. Van Dijk N, Quartieri F, Blanc JJ, et al. Effectiveness of physical counterpressure maneuvers in preventing vasovagal syncope: the physical counterpressure maneuvers trial (PC-trial). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:1652-57. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.06.059.
15. Кучинская Е.А., Певзнер А.В. Изменение образа жизни как метод лечения вазовагальных обмороков. Кардиология. 2020;60(1):93-8. DOI 10.18087/cardio.2020.1.n776.
16. Brignole M, Menozzi C, Bottoni N, et al. Mechanisms of syncope caused by transient bradycardia and the diagnostic value of electrophysiologic testing and cardiovascular reflexivity maneuvers. Am J Cardiol. 1995;76(4):273-8. DOI:10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80080-0.
17. Lacroix D, Kouakam C, Klug D, et al. Asystolic cardiac arrest during Head-Up Tilt Test: incidence and therapeutic implications. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1997;20:2746-54. DOI:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1997.tb05432.x.
18. Baron-Esquivias G, Pedrote A, Cayuela A, et al. Long-term outcome of patients with asystole induced by head-up tilt test. Eur. Heart J. 2002;23:483-89. DOI:10.1053/euhj.2001.2900.
19. Вершута Е.В. Певзнер А.В., Ермишкин В.В., и др. Спектральные показатели вариабельности ритма сердца у больных вазовагальными обмороками по данным 5-минутных записей ЭКГ. Терапевтический Архив. 2009;4:17-21.
20. Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G, et al. 2013 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the task force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Europace. 2013;15(8):1070-18. DOI:10.1093/europace/eut206.
21. Ревишвили А.Ш., Шляхто Е.В., Попов С.В., и др. Клинические рекомендации по проведению электрофизиологических исследований, катетерной абляции и применению имплантируемых антиаритмических устройств (2017). Доступно на: https://vnoa.ru/upload/Recomendation_2017_30_10_2017_HR.pdf.
22. Varosy PD, Chen LY, Miller AL, et al. Pacing as a Treatment for Reflex-Mediated (Vasovagal, Situational, or Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity) Syncope: A Systematic Review for the 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Syncope. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:664-79. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.004.
23. Conolly S, Sheldon R, Thorpe K, et al. Pacemaker therapy for prevention of syncope in patients with recurrent severe vasovagal syncope (VPS II): a randomized trial. JAMA. 2003;289(17):2224-29. DOI:10.1001/jama.289.17.2224.
24. Raviele A, Giada F, Menozzi C, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of permanent cardiac pacing for the treatment of recurrent tilt-induced vasovagal syncope. The vasovagal syncope and pacing trial (SYNPACE). Eur Heart J. 2004;25(19):1741-48. DOI:10.1016/j.ehj.2004.06.031.
25. Brignole M, Menozzi C, Moya A, et al. Pacemaker therapy in patients with neurally-mediated syncope and documented asystole. Third international study on syncope of unknown etiology (IS- SUE-3): a randomized trial. Circulation. 2012;125(21):2566-71. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONA-HA.111.082313.
26. Ryan D, Nick S, Colette S, et al. Carotid sinus syndrome, should we pace? A multicentre, randomised control trial (Safepace 2). Heart. 2010;96(5):347-51. DOI:10.1136/hrt.2009.176206.
27. Brignole M, Donateo P, Tomaino M, et al. Benefit of pacemaker therapy in patients with presumed neurally mediated syncope and documented asystole is greater when tilt test is negative an analysis from the third international study on syncope of uncertain etiology (ISSUE-3).Circ Arrhythm Elec-trophysiol. 2014;7:10-16. DOI:10.1161/CIRCEP.113.001103.
28. Хеймец Г.И., Певзнер А.В., Рогоза А.Н., Голицын С.П. Пятиминутная пассивная ортостатическая проба в алгоритме обследования больных с обмороками. Кардиологический Вестник. 2017,12(3):70-4.
29. Occhetta E, Bortnik A, Audoglio R, et al. Closed loop stimulation in patients of vasovagal syncope. Inotropy controlled pacing in vasovagal syncope (INVASY): a multicentre randomized, single blind, controlled study. Europace. 2004 6:538-47. DOI:10.1016/j.eupc.2004.08.009.
30. Rattanawong P, Riangwiwat T, Chongsathidkiet P, et al. Closed-looped stimulation cardiac pacing for recurrentvasovagal syncope: A systematic review and meta-analysis.J Arrhythm. 2018;34(5):556- 64. DOI:10.1002/joa3.12102.
31. Brignole M, Tomaino M, Aerts A, et al. Benefit of dual-chamber pacing with Closed Loop Stimulation in tilt-induced cardio-inhibitory reflex syncope (BIOSync trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2017;18(1):208. DOI:10.1186/s13063-017-1941-4.
32. Brignole M, Ammirati F, Arabia F, et al. Assessment of a standardized algorithmfor cardiac pacing in older patients affected by severe unpredictable reflex syncopes. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(24):1529- 35. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv069.
33. Soteriades E.S., Evans J.C., Larson M.G., et al. Incidence and prognosis of syncope. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(12):878-85. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa012407.
34. Певзнер А.В., Кучинская Е.А., Альбицкая К.В. Эффективность компрессионной терапии нижних конечностей при лечении больных вазовагальными обмороками. Терапевтический Архив. 2007;79(1):52-5.
35. Sheldon R, Raj S, Rose S, et al. Fludrocortisone for the prevention of vasovagal syncope.A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Col Cardil. 2016;68(1):1-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.04.030.
36. Kaufmann H, Saadia D, Voustianiouk A. Midodrine in neurally mediated syncope: a double-blind, randomized crossover study. Ann Neurol. 2002;52(3):342-45. DOI:10.1002/ana.10293.
37. Ward CR, Gray IC, Gilroy JJ, Kenny PA. Midodrine: a role in the treatment of neurocardiogenic syncope. Heart. 1998;79(1):45-9. DOI:10.1136/hrt.79.1.45.
38. Romme J, van Dijk N, Go-Schon I, et al. Effectiveness of midodrine treatment in patients with recur- rentvasovagal syncope not responding to non-pharmacological treatment (STAND-trial). Europace. 2011;13(11):1639-47. DOI:10.1093/europace/eur200.
39. Кучинская Е.А., Певзнер А.В., Вершута Е.В. и др. Результаты применения мидодрина для лечения больных с вазовагальными обмороками. Терапевтический Архивю 2004;76(8):38-41.
40. Певзнер А.В., Кучинская Е.А., Вершута Е.В., и др. Успешное лечение мидодрином вазовагальных обмороков, протекающих с асистолией. Клиническая Медицина. 2004;82(9):53-6.
41. Sheldon R, Lei L, Guzman J, Kus T. A proof of principle study of atomoxetine for the prevention of vasovagal syncope: the prevention of syncope trial VI. Europace. 2019;21:1733-41. DOI:10.1093/eu-ropace/euz250.