Статья
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕТОДА ЭЛЕКТРОСПИННИНГА В СОЗДАНИИ БИОДЕГРАДИРУЕМЫХ СОСУДИСТЫХ ГРАФТОВ МАЛОГО ДИАМЕТРА: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И РЕШЕНИЯ (ОБЗОР)
В обзоре представлены основные тенденции, которых придерживаются современные ученые при создании тканеинженерных сосудистых графтов (ТИСГ). В последние годы активно ведутся работы, направленные на создание «готовых к использованию» графтов для нужд экстренной сосудистой хирургии, способных поддерживать клеточную миграцию, пролиферацию и жизнеспособность в условиях организма. Для этого разрабатываются высокопористые трубчатые конструкции с максимальным сходством архитектоники поверхностей со структурой внеклеточного матрикса с целью скорейшего и эффективного заселения конструкции собственными клетками после имплантации в сосудистое русло. Высокопористые конструкции на основе нано- и микроволокон способны стимулировать воссоздание собственного эндотелиального монослоя на внутренней поверхности и образование ткани de novo в толще стенок трубчатых конструкций за счет миграции собственных клеточных элементов из крови и окружающих тканей.Популярным материалом для изготовления каркасов будущих ТИСГ являются биосовместимые биорезорбируемые полимеры, а наиболее популярным методом изготовления – метод электроспиннинга, позволяющий получать высокопористые сосудистые графты разного диаметра с различными прочностными характеристиками. Однако в процессе электроспиннинга из нано- и микроразмерных нитей формируются поры, размер которых зачастую недостаточен для миграции и пролиферации собственных клеток в толщу стенки графта после его имплантации в сосудистое русло. Поэтому в обзоре дополнительно освещены подходы по увеличению пор матриксов, изготовленных методом электроспиннинга.
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