Статья
Роль низкомолекулярных гепаринов при тромболитической терапии у больных инфарктом миокарда
В настоящее время стандартным дополнением к тромболитической терапии (ТЛТ) при инфаркте миокарда рассматривают парентеральное введение антикоагулянтов. В обзоре анализируются результаты клинических исследований, доказавших преимущество подкожного введения низкомолекулярного гепарина эноксапарина в течение 1 недели перед 48-часовой внутривенной инфузией нефракционированного гепарина, ставшие основой для современных представлений об оптимальном применении гепарина в случаях, когда для восстановления кровотока по окклюзированной коронарной артерии используется ТЛТ.
1. ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction). Полная версия доступна на сайте www.acc.org.
2. 2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. JACC 2008; 51: 210-47.
3. The Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 2909-45.
4. Goodman SG, Menon V, Cannon CP, et al. Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 2008; 133: 708S-75.
5. Диагностика и лечение больных острым инфарктом миокарда с подъемами сегмента ST ЭКГ. Рекомендации Всероссийского научного общества кардиологов. Кардиоваск тер профил 2007; 6(8), приложение 1.
6. The GUSTO Investigators. An International Randomized Trial Comparing Four Thrombolytic Strategies for Acute Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 673-82.
7. Collins R. Drug Therapy: Aspirin, heparin and Fibrinolytic Therapy in Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:847-60.
8. Eikelboom JW, Quinlan DJ, Mehta SR, et al. Unfractionated and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin as Adjuncts to Thrombolysis in Aspirin-Treated Patients With ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction. A Meta-Analysis of the Randomized Trials. Circulation 2005; 112: 3855-67.
9. Hirsh J, Bauer KA, Donati MB, et al. Parenteral anticoagulants: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 2008; 133: 141S-59.
10. Granger CB, Hirsh J, Califf RM, et al., for the GUSTO-I Investigators. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and Outcome After Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction. Results From the GUSTO-I Trial. Circulation 1996; 93: 870-8.
11. Chamuleau SAJ, de Winter RJ, Levi M, et al., on behalf of the Fraxiparin Anticoagulant Therapy in Myocardial Infarction Study Amsterdam (FATIMA) Study Group Low molecular weight heparin as an adjunct to thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction: the FATIMA study. Heart 1998; 80: 35-9.
12. Curylo AM, Kawecka-Jaszcz K, Czarnecka D, et al. Nadroparin calcium in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Med Sci Monit 1997; 3: 700-3.
13. Frostfeldt G, Ahlberg G, Gustafsson G, et al. Low Molecular Weight Heparin (Dalteparin) as Adjuvant Treatment to Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction — A Pilot Study: Biochemical Markers of Acute Coronary Syndromes (BIOMACS II). JACC 1999; 33: 627-33.
14. Kontny F, Dale J, Abildgaard U, et al. Randomized trial of low molecular weight heparin (dalteparin) in prevention of left ventricular thrombus formation and arterial embolism after acute anterior myocardial infarction: the Fragmin in Acute Myocardial Infarction (FRAMI) Study. JACC 1997; 39: 962-9.
15. Wallentin L, Dellborg D, Nilsson B, et al. The Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Dalteparin as Adjuvant Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction: the ASSENT PLUS study. Clin Cardiol 2001; 24 (Suppl. I): I12-4.
16. Glick A, Kornowski R, Michowich Y, et al. Reduction of rein¬farction and angina with use of low-molecular-weight heparin therapy after streptokinase (and heparin) in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1996; 77: 1145-8.
17. Simoons M, Krzeminska-Pakula M, Alonso A, et al., for the AMI-SK Investigators. Improved reperfusion and clinical outcome with enoxaparin as an adjuvant to streptokinase throm¬bolysis in acute myocardial infarction: The AMI-SK study. Eur Heart J 2002; 23: 1282-90.
18. Tatu-Chitoiu G, Teodorescu C, Fluerasu A, et al. Accelerated SK + enoxaparine — a new thrombolytic regimen in acute MI. The ASENOX study. Rom J Intern Med 1998; 36: 183-96.
19. Baird S, Menown I, McBride S, et al. Randomized comparison of enoxaparin with unfractionated heparin following fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2002; 23: 627-32.
20. Antman E, Louwerenburg H, Baars H, et al. Enoxaparin as Adjunctive Antithrombin Therapy for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Results of the ENTIRE-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 23 Trial. Circulation 2002; 105: 1642-9.
21. Ross A, Molhoek P, Lundergan C, et al. Randomized Comparison of Enoxaparin, a Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin, With Unfractionated Heparin Adjunctive to Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Thrombolysis and Aspirin Second Trial of Heparin and Aspirin Reperfusion Therapy (HART II). Circulation 2001; 104: 648-52.
22. The Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic Regimen (ASSENT)-3 Investigators. Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with enoxaparin, abciximab, or unfractionated heparin: the ASSENT-3 randomised trial in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 2001; 358: 605-13.
23. Wallentin L, Goldstein P, Armstrong PW, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Tenecteplase in Combination With the Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Enoxaparin or Unfractionated Heparin in the Prehospital Setting. The Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic Regimen (ASSENT)-3 PLUS Randomized Trial in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2003; 108: 135-42.
24. Antman EM, Morrow DA, McCabe CH, et al., for the ExTRACT-TIMI 25 Investigators. Enoxaparin versus Unfractionated Heparin with Fibrinolysis for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1477-88.
25. The CREATE Trial Group Investigators. Effects of reviparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, on mortality, reinfarction, and strokes in patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting with ST-segment elevation. JAMA 2005; 293: 427-36.
26. Theroux P, Welsh RC. Meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin as adjunctive therapy to ibrinolysis in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarc¬tion. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91: 860-4.
27. Antman EM, Morrow DA, McCabe CH, et al. for the ExTRACT-TIMI 25 Investigators Enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin as antithrombin therapy in patients receiving fibrinolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Design and rationale for the Enoxaparin and Thrombolysis Reperfusion for Acute Myocardial Infarction Treatment-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction study 25 (ExTRACT-TIMI 25). Am Heart J 2005; 149: 217-26.
28. Carter NJ, McCormack PL, Plosker GL. Enoxaparin. A Review of its Use in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Drugs 2008; 68: 691-710.
29. Mega JL, Morrow DA, Ostor E, et al. Outcomes and Optimal Antithrombotic Therapy in Women Undergoing Fibrinolysis for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2007; 115: 2822-8.
30. White HD, Braunwald E, Murphy SA, et al. Enoxaparin vs. unfractionated heparin with fibrinolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction in elderly and younger patients: results from ExTRACT-TIMI 25. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 1066-71.
31. Sabatine MS, Morrow DA, Dalby A, et al., for the ExTRACT- TIMI 25 Investigators. Efficacy and Safety of Enoxaparin Versus Unfractionated Heparin in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Also Treated With Clopidogrel. JACC 2007; 49: 2256-63.
32. Fox KAA, Antman EM, Montalescot G, et al. The Impact of Renal Dysfunction on Outcomes in the ExTRACT-TIMI 25 Trial. JACC 2007; 49: 2249-55.
33. Giraldez R.R., Nicolau J.C., Corbalan R., et al. Enoxaparin is superior to unfractionated heparin in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing fibrinolysis regardless of the choice of lytic: an ExTRACT-TIMI 25 analysis. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 1566-73.
34. Gibson CM, Murphy SA, Montalescot G, et al., for the ExTRACT-TIMI 25 Investigators. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Receiving Enoxaparin or Unfractionated Heparin After Fibrinolytic Therapy for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the ExTRACT-TIMI 25 Trial. JACC 2007; 49: 2238-46.
35. Scirica BM, Morrow DA, Sadowski Z, et al. A strategy of using enoxaparin as adjunctive antithrombin therapy reduces death and recurrent myocardial infarction in patients who achieve early ST-segment resolution after fibrinolytic therapy: the ExTRACT- TIMI 25 ECG study. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 2070-6.
36. Murphy SA, Gibson CM, Morrow DA, et al. Efficacy and safety of the low-molecular weight heparin enoxaparin compared with unfractionated heparin across the acute coronary syndrome spectrum: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 2077-86.