Статья
ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ СИНДРОМА ОБСТРУКТИВНОГО АПНОЭ ВО ВРЕМЯ СНА С КОГНИТИВНЫМИ НАРУШЕНИЯМИ У ДЕТЕЙ
Синдром обструктивного апноэ во время сна (СОАС) у детей представляет собой часто встречающуюся и недооцениваемую проблему, последствиями которой могут стать когнитивная дисфункция вплоть до отставания в психическом развитии. По результатам проведенного обзора медицинской литературы, опубликованной с 1980 по 2014 год, с использованием баз данных National Library of Medicine PUBMED, Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews и Российского индекса научного цитирования, существуют убедительные доказательства взаимосвязи обструктивных нарушений дыхания во сне и нейрокогнитивных нарушений. Однако, несмотря на имеющиеся предпосылки, детальные патогенетические механизмы до конца не выяснены. Важно, что в различные возрастные периоды основные факторы, приводящие к возникновению СОАС у детей, отличаются, что обусловливает выбор тактики лечения. Имеющиеся в настоящее время данные позволяют предположить, что правильно и своевременно назначенное лечение СОАС может предотвратить развитие необратимых изменений, в частности нейрокогнитивной сферы, что является одной из приоритетных задач педиатрии и здравоохранения в целом, так как может способствовать успешной социальной адаптации не только детей, но и в дальнейшем у взрослых.
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