Статья
Клиническое значение кардиопротективных и васкулопротективных эффектов ингибиторов ангиотензин-превращающего фермента при инфаркте миокарда: зофеноприл
Ингибиторы ангиотензин-превращающего фермента - средства с доказанной способностью улучшать прогноз жизни, заняли прочное место влечении больных, перенесших инфаркт миокарда (ИМ). При ИМ они предотвращают дезадаптивное ремоделирование сердца и сосудов. Выраженность их кардиопротективного и васкулопротективного действий зависит от степени влияния на тканевую ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновую систему. В рамках крупномасштабного проекта SMILE с использованием зофеноприла, обладающего высокой антиокислительной активностью и пенетрантностью в ткани миокарда и сосудов, доказаны целесообразность и безопасность раннего назначения препарата у гемодинамически стабильных больных передним ИМ без тромболитической терапии, независимо от их возраста, глубины поражения миокарда, наличия или отсутствия артериальной гипертонии и сердечной недостаточности. Получено убедительное клиническое подтверждение способности зофеноприла оказывать антиишемическое действие (один из ключевых механизмов кардиопротекции) независимо от его антигипертензивных эффектов.
1. American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2003 update. Dallas, TX: American Heart Association, 2002.
2. Bata IR, Gregor RD, Eastwood BJ, Wolf HK. Trends in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction between 1984 and 1993 The Halifax County MONICA Project. Can J Cardiol 2000; 16: 589-95.
3. Fox KA, Cokkinos DV, Deckers J, et al. The ENACT study: a pan-European survey of acute coronary syndromes. European Network for Acute Coronary Treatment. Eur Heart J 2000; 21: 1440-9.
4. Savonitto S, Ardissino D, Granger CB, et al. Prognostic value of the admission electrocardiogram in acute coronary syndromes. JAMA 1999; 281: 707-13.
5. Volmink JA, Newton JN, Hicks NR, et al. Coronary event and case fatality rates in an English population: results of the Oxford myocardial infarction incidence study. The Oxford Myocardial Infarction Incidence Study Group. Heart 1998; 80: 40-4.
6. Terkelsen CJ, Lassen JF, Norgaard BL, et al. Mortality rates in patients with ST-elevation vs. non-ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction: observations from an unselected cohort. Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 18-26.
7. Furman MI, Dauerman HL, GoLdberg RJ, et al. Twenty-two year (1975 to 1997) trends in the incidence, in-hospitaL and Long-term case fatality rates from initial Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: a multi-hospital, community-wide perspective. JACC 2001; 37: 1571-80.
8. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction-executive summary: a report of the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines on the Management of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. JACC 2004; 44: 671-719.
9. Antman EM, Hand M, Armstrong PW, et al. 2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Developed in Collaboration With the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Endorsed by the American Academy of Family Physicians. JACC published online Dec 10, 2007; DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.001
10. Bassand J-P, Hamm ChW, Ardissino D, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 1598-660.
11. Walsh JT, Botin PD, Howkins M, et al. Ventricular dilatation in the absence of ACE inhibitors: inHuence of haernadynamic and neurohormonal variables following myocardial infarction. Heart 1999; 81: 33-9.
12. Omland T, Aarsland T, Aakvaag A, et al. The effect of early converting enzyme inhibition on neurahumorol activation in acute myocardiol infarction. Int J Cardiol 1993; 42: 37-45.
13. Brown NJ, Vaughan DE. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Circulation 1998; 97: 1411-20.
14. Jackson EK. Renin and angiotensin. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Editors. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 10th Ed. New York; 2001: pp. 809-41.
15. Zimmerman BG, Sybertz EJ, Wong PC. Interaction between sympathetic and renin-angiotensin system. J Hypertens 1984; 2: 581-7.
16. Hornig H, Kohler C, Drexler H. Role of bradykinin in mediating vascular effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in humans. Circulation 1997; 95: 1115-8.
17. Linz W, Wohlfart P, Schoelkens BA, et al. Interactions among ACE, kinins and NO. Cardiovasc Res 1999; 43: 549-61.
18. Lуpez-Sendуn J, Swedberg K, McMurray J, et al. Expert consensus document on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in cardiovascular disease. The Task Force on ACE-inhibitors of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2004; 25 (16): 1454-70.
19. Dzau VJ. Theodore Cooper Lecture: Tissue angiotensin and pathobiology of vascular disease: a unifying hypothesis. Hypertension 2001; 37(4): 1047-52.
20. Chopra M, Beswick H, Clapperton M, et al. Antioxidant effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: free radical and oxidant scavenging are sulfhydryl dependent, but lipid peroxidation is inhibited by both sulfhydryl-and nonsulfhydryl-containing ACE-inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992; 19: 330-40.
21. Frascarelli S, Ghelardoni S, Ronca-Testoni S, et al. Cardioprotective effect of zofenopril in perfused rat heart subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2004; 43: 294-9.
22. Evangelista S, Manzini S. Antioxidant and cardioprotective properties of the sulphydryl angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor Zofenopril. J Int Med Res 2005; 33(1): 42-54.
23. Grover GJ, Sleph PG, Dzwonczyk S, et al. Effects of different angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on ischemic isolated rat hearts: relationship between cardiac ACE inhibition and cardioprotection. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1991; 257(3): 919-29.
24. Cushman DW, Wang FL, Fung WC, et al. Comparisons in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo of the actions of seven structurally diverse inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Br J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 28(Suppl 2): 115S-30.
25. Cushman DW, Wang FL, Fung WC, et al. Differentiation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors by their selective inhibition of ACE in physiologically important target organs. Am J Hypertens 1989; 2(4): 294-306.
26. Scribner AW, Loscalzo J, Napoli C. The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on endothelial function and oxidant stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 482: 95-9.
27. Buikema H, Monnink SH, Tio RA, et al. Comparison of zofenopril and lisinopril to study the role of the sulfhydrylgroup in improvement of endothelial dysfunction with ACE-inhibitors in experimental heart failure. Br J Pharmacol 2000; 130(8): 1999-2007.
28. Brogelli L, Parenti A, Capaccioli S, et al. The angiotensin convetring enzyme inhibitor zofenoprilat prevents endothelial cell apoptosis and promotes coronary angiogenesis in vitro. FASEB J 1999; 13: A528.
29. Napoli C, Sica V, de Nigris F, et al. Sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzymeinhibition induces sustained reduction of systemic oxidative stress and improves the nitric oxide pathway in patients with essential hypertension. Am Heart J 2004; 148: e5.
30. Liu X, Engelman RM, Rousou JA, et al. Attenuation of myocardial reperfusion injury by sulfhydryl-containing angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Cardiovasc Drug Ther 1992; 6: 437-43.
31. Ferrari R, Cargnoni A, Curello S, et al. Protection of the ischemic myocardium by the converting-enzyme inhibitor zofenopril: insight into its mechanism of action. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992; 20: 694-704.
32. De Nigris F. Chronic treatment with sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduces susceptibility of plasma LDL to "in vitro" oxidation, formation of oxidation-specific epitopes in the arterial wall, and atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Int J Cardiol 2001; 81(2-3): 107-15.
33. Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, et al. Effect of Captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement trial. New Engl J Med 1992; 327(10): 669-77.
34. Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C, Carlsen JE, et al. A clinical trial of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. New Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1670-6.
35. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators. Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 1993; 342: 821-8.
36. Flather MD, Yusuf S, Kober L, et al. Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction: a systemic overview of data from individual patients. Lancet 2000; 355: 1575-81.
37. Latini R, Maggioni AP, Flather M, et al. ACE inhibitor use in patients with myocardial infarction: summary of evidence from clinical trials. Circulation 1995; 92: 3132-7.
38. Swedberg K, Held P, Kjekhus J, et al. for the CONSENSUS II study group. Effects of an early administration of enalapril on mortality in patients with myocardial infarction. Results of the Cooperative New Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study 11. N EngI J Med 1992; 327: 678-84.
39. ACE Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group. Indications for ACE inhibitors in the early treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1998; 97: 2202-12.
40. Renkin J, Hager D, Stoleru L, et al. Infarct size and local determine the benefit from ACE inhibition following reperfusion myocardial infarction. The SPIRIT study. Circulation 1994; 90(Suppl 1):1-386 (abstr).
41. Borghi C, Marino P, Cardini P, et al. Short-and long-term effects of early fosinopril administration in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing intravenous thrombolysis. Am Heart J 1998; 136: 213-25.
42. Kingma JH, Van Gilst WH, Peels CH, et al. Acute intervention with captopril during thrombolysis in patients with first anterior myocardial infarction. Results from CATS. Eur Heart J 1994; 15: 898-907.
43. Ambrosioni E, Borghi C, Magnani В. for the survival of myocardial infarction long term evaluation (SMILE) Study Investigators. The effect of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor on mortality and morbidity after anterior myocardial infarction. N Engt J Med 1995; 332: 80-5.
44. Borghi C, Ambrosioni E. SMILE. In.Efficacy of myocardial infarction therapy. Ed.by I.S.Nash & V.Fuster, Marcel Dekker Inc.-NY-Basel, 1999: 237-50.
45. Borghi C, Bacchelli S, Esposti D, et al. on behalf of the SMILE Study Investigators. Effects of the administration of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor during the acute phase of myocardial infarction in patients with arterial hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1999; 12(7): 665-72.
46. Borghi C, Bacchelli S, Esposti DD, Ambrosioni E. Effects of the Early ACE-Inhibition in Diabetic Nonthrombolyzed Patients With Anterior Acute Myocardial Infarction. Diabetes Care 2003; 26(6): 1862-8.
47. Gruppo Italiano per la Studio della Sopravvivenza nell.Infarto Miocardico. GISSI-3: effects of lisinopril and transdermal glyceryl trinitrate singly and together on 6-week mortality and ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1994; 343: 1115-22.
48. ISIS Collaborative Group. ISIS-4: randomised study of oral captopril in over 50,000 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1993; 88(Suppl I): I-394.
49. Borghi C, Bacchelli S, Degli Esposti D, Ambrosioni E. Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-Term Evaluation Study. Effects of early angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with non-ST-elevation acute anterior myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2006; 152(3): 470-7.
50. Froscarelli S, Ghelardoni S, Ronca-Testoni S, etal. Cardioprotective effect of zofenopril in perfused rat heart subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2004; 43: 294-9.
51. Walsh JT, Botin PD, Howkins M, et al. Ventricular dilatation in the absence of ACE inhibitors: influence of haemodynamic and neurohormonal variables following myocardial infarction. Heart 1999; 81: 33-9.
52. Borghi C, Bacchelli S, Degli Esposti D, et al. A review of the angiotensin-canverting enzyme inhibitor, zofenopril, in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2004; 5: 1965-77.
53. Borghi C, Ambrosioni E. Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation-2 Working Party. Double-blind comparison between zofenopril and lisinopril in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results of the Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation-2 (SMILE-2) study. Am Heart J 2003; 145(1): 80-7.
54. Daly CA, Fox KM, Remme WJ, et al. The effect of perindopril on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the EUROPA study: results from the PERSUADE substudy. Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 1369-78.
55. Cleland JGF, Coleita AP, Lammiman M, et al. Clinical trials update from European Society of Cardiology meeting 2005: CARE-HF extension study, ESSENTIAL, CIBIS-III, S-ICD, ISSUE-2, STRI-DE-2, SOFA, IMAGINE, PREAMI, SIRIUS-II and ACTIVE. Eur J Heart Fail 2005; 7-6: 1070-5.
56. Ferrari R. Perindopril and Remodeling in Elderly with Acute Myocardial Infarction Investigators. Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with perindopril on left ventricular remodeling and clinical outcome: results of the randomized Perindopril and Remodeling in Elderly with Acute Myocardial Infarction (PREAMI) Study. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166(66): 659-66.
57. Borghi C, Ambrosioni E. on behalf of the SMILE Study Group. Effects of zofenopril on myocardial ischemia in post-myocardial infarction patients with preserved left ventricular function: The Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation (SMILE) ISCHEMIA study. Am Heart J 2007; 153(445): e7-14.
58. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investigators. Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet 2000; 355: 253-9.
59. The EURopean trial On reduction of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease Investigators. Efficacy of perindоpril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet 2003; 362: 782-8.