Статья
Достижения современной медицины и ряд других факторов привели к повышению общей продолжительности жизни и старению населения, что в совокупности с нездоровыми привычками способствовало росту числа хронических неинфекционных заболеваний (ХНИЗ). Уменьшение бремени ХНИЗ в масштабах мира и каждого отдельно взятого государства является одной из приоритетных областей работы, направленной на повышение качества жизни и благосостояния населения. Как известно, различные программы профилактики и менеджмента заболеваний данной группы вносят неодинаковый вклад в эффективность и стоимость этой борьбы. В 2017 году Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ) опубликовала решения, оптимальные по затратам, и другие рекомендуемые мероприятия по профилактике неинфекционных заболеваний и борьбе с ними. Для каждого поведенческого фактора риска и категории заболеваний разработаны меры с оценкой их затратоэффективности. В данном обзоре представленные ВОЗ затратоэффективные и другие меры анализируются с точки зрения их применения на первых трех из шести выделенных уровней: законодательство, средства массовой информации, окружающая среда, сообщество, семья, медицинский специалист. Кроме того, приведены примеры превентивных программ, направленных на борьбу с курением и употреблением сахаросодержащих напитков, а также повышение физической активности населения.
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