Статья
Методы лекарственной терапии хронической тромбоэмболической легочной гипертензии: современные подходы к ведению пациентов
В статье обсуждаются эпидемиология, патогенез и подходы к лечению хронической тромбоэмболической легочной гипертензии (ХТЭЛГ). Подчеркивается, что ХТЭЛГ является уникальной потенциально излечимой формой легочной гипертензии. «Золотым стандартом» лечения ХТЭЛГ является легочная тромбэндартерэктомия. Однако около 40 % больных с ХТЭЛГ являются неоперабельными в связи с дистальными поражениями легочного сосудистого русла, недоступными для хирургического вмешательства, тяжестью гемодинамических нарушений или наличием других противопоказаний. Кроме того, почти у 50 % больных с ХТЭЛГ после хирургического вмешательства отмечается персистирующая или рецидивирующая легочная гипертензия, требующая дальнейшего лечения. Этим пациентам в соответствии с современными рекомендациями показана лекарственная терапия. В статье приведены результаты основных клинических исследований препаратов таргетной терапии (антагонисты рецепторов эндотелина, простаноиды, ингибиторы фосфодиэстеразы-5, стимуляторы растворимой гуанилатциклазы). Единственным препаратом, который продемонстрировал выраженную клиническую эффективность с точки зрения улучшения гемодинамики, переносимости физической нагрузки и улучшения качества жизни пациентов, является стимулятор растворимой гуанилатциклазы риоцигуат. Эффективность и безопасность риоцигуата изучена в краткосрочных и длительных исследованиях с периодом наблюдения, достигающим 6 лет. Результаты этих исследований явились основанием для его одобрения регуляторными органами более 50 стран для лечения неоперабельной ХТЭЛГ и персистирующей или рецидивирующей ХТЭЛГ после перенесенной легочной тромбэндартерэктомии. В Евросоюзе, США и многих других странах риоцигуат - единственный препарат, одобренный для применения по данным показаниям.
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